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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Antibiotics: An International Journal >The antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the United States
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The antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the United States

机译：抗生素抵抗危机，重点在美国

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Beginning with the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in the late 1920s, antibiotics have revolutionized the field of medicine. They have saved millions of lives each year, alleviated pain and suffering, and have even been used prophylactically for the prevention of infectious diseases. However, we have now reached a crisis where many antibiotics are no longer effective against even the simplest infections. Such infections often result in an increased number of hospitalizations, more treatment failures and the persistence of drug-resistant pathogens. Of particular concern are organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, multidrug and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and bacteria that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamases, such as Escherichia coli. To make matters worse, there has been a steady decline in the discovery of new and effective antibiotics for a number of reasons. These include increased costs, lack of adequate support from the government, poor returns on investment, regulatory hurdles and pharmaceutical companies that have simply abandoned the antibacterial arena. Instead, many have chosen to focus on developing drugs that will be used on a chronic basis, which will offer a greater profit and more return on investment. Therefore, there is now an urgent need to develop new and useful antibiotics to avoid returning to the pre-antibiotic era'. Some potential opportunities for antibiotic discovery include better economic incentives, genome mining, rational metabolic engineering, combinatorial biosynthesis and further exploration of the earth's biodiversity.
机译：从20世纪20年代后期在亚历山大弗莱明定期发现青霉素发现，抗生素彻底改变了医学领域。他们每年节省数百万的生命，减轻了痛苦和痛苦，并且甚至已被预防性地用于预防传染病。然而，我们现在已经达到了危机，其中许多抗生素不再对最简单的感染有效。这种感染通常导致住院数量增加，治疗失败以及耐药病原体的持续存在。特别令人担忧的是甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，腹菌梭菌，多药和广泛的耐药分枝杆菌，Neisseria淋病，耐药肠杆菌和产生扩展光谱β-内酰胺酶，例如大肠杆菌的细菌。为了使事情变得更糟，由于多种原因，发现新的和有效的抗生素发现稳步下降。这些包括提高成本，缺乏政府的充分支持，投资差，投资回报，监管障碍和制药公司，只抛弃了抗菌竞技场。相反，许多人选择专注于发展慢性基础的药物，这将提供更大的利润和更多的投资回报。因此，现在迫切需要开发新的和有用的抗生素，以避免返回前抗生素时代'。抗生素发现的一些潜在机会包括更好的经济激励，基因组采矿，理性代谢工程，组合生物合成以及地球生物多样性的进一步探索。

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