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Examining sex differentials in the uptake and process of HIV testing in three high prevalence districts of India.

机译：在印度三个高流行地区检查艾滋病毒吸收和检测过程中的性别差异。

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Sex differentials in the uptake of HIV testing have been reported in a range of settings, however, men's and women's testing patterns are not consistent across these settings, suggesting the need to set sex differentials against gender norms in patient testing behaviour and provider practices. A community-based, cross-sectional survey among 347 people living with HIV in three HIV high prevalence districts of India examined reasons for undergoing an HIV test, location of testing and conditions under which individuals were tested. HIV testing was almost always provider-initiated for men. Men were more likely to be advised to test by a private practitioner and to test in the private sector. Women were more likely to be advised to test by a family member, and to test in the public sector. Men were more likely to receive pre-test information than women, when tested in the private sector. Men were also more likely to receive direct disclosure of their HIV positive status by a health provider, regardless of the sector in which they tested. More women than men were repeatedly tested for HIV, regardless of sector. These sex differentials in the uptake and process of HIV testing are partially explained through differences in public and private sector testing practices. However, they also reflect women's lack of awareness and agency in HIV care seeking and differential treatment by providers. Examining gender dynamics that underpin sex differentials in HIV testing patterns and practices is essential for a realistic assessment of the challenges and implications of scaling-up HIV testing and mainstreaming gender in HIV/AIDS programmes.
机译：据报道，在各种环境中，接受艾滋病病毒检测的性别差异很大，但是，在这些环境中，男性和女性的检测模式并不一致，这表明有必要在患者检测行为和提供者实践中针对性别规范设定性别差异。在印度三个艾滋病毒感染率最高的地区，对347名艾滋病毒感染者进行了基于社区的横断面调查，调查了接受艾滋病毒检测的原因，检测的地点以及个体接受检测的条件。艾滋病毒检测几乎总是由男性提供的。男性更可能被私人执业医师建议进行考试并在私人部门中进行考试。妇女更有可能被家庭成员建议进行测试，并在公共部门进行测试。在私营部门进行测试时，男性比女性更有可能接受测试前信息。无论接受检查的部门是什么，男性也更有可能由健康提供者直接披露其艾滋病毒阳性状况。无论部门如何，反复接受艾滋病毒检测的妇女人数都比男子多。通过公共和私营部门检测方法的差异，可以部分解释艾滋病毒检测和使用过程中的性别差异。但是，它们也反映出妇女在寻求艾滋病毒护理和提供者差别待遇方面缺乏意识和权威。检验支撑艾滋病毒检测方式和实践中性别差异的性别动态，对于现实评估扩大艾滋病毒检测规模以及将性别观点纳入艾滋病毒/艾滋病计划的挑战和影响至关重要。

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