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On the Applicability of Bergmann’s Rule to Ectotherms: The State of the Art

机译：关于伯格曼法则对等温线的适用性：最新技术

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摘要

Bergmann’s rule (BR) is the classic ecogeographic principle that relates the body size of endot-herms with environmental temperature (or latitude). The currently available data demonstrate that the latitudinal dines in body size predicted by BR are also observed in ectotherms, being fairly common in some groups. Despite plenty of published data, it is still impossible to estimate the frequency of Bergmann’s dines in ectotherms as thoroughly as has been done for endotherms. Within large taxa of ectotherms (Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Pisces), Bergmann’s dines occur along with converse Bergmann’s and U-shaped dines. Since the classic explanation of BR based on thermoregulation principles is not applicable to most ectotherms, quite a few hypotheses have been proposed that appeal to other foundations in search of such an explanation. Part of them suggests a direct modifying influence of temperature; however, most authors look for an adaptive sense of the increase in the body size of ectotherms at high latitudes and/or low temperatures. It appears that a single universal explanation of all the cases of Bergmann’s variation in ectotherms cannot be formulated. Most likely, the observed dines arise as a result of synergetic interactions between severalfactors covarying with latitude (or altitude above sea level). It is not always possible to estimate the exact contribution of each of these factors.
机译：伯格曼法则（BR）是经典的生态地理原理，将内胚层的体型与环境温度（或纬度）相关联。目前可获得的数据表明，在等温线中也观察到了BR预测的体型纬度，在某些人群中相当普遍。尽管有大量已公开的数据，但仍无法像对吸热所做的那样，对透热中Bergmann用餐的频率进行全面估计。在大量的等温放线类（节肢动物，软体动物和双鱼座）中，伯格曼的用餐者与反向的伯格曼和U形用餐者同时出现。由于基于温度调节原理的BR的经典解释不适用于大多数等温线，因此已经提出了许多寻求其他基础以寻求此类解释的假设。其中一部分表明温度的直接影响。然而，大多数作者希望在高纬度和/或低温下能适应性地感觉到等温线的体积增加。似乎无法对伯格曼等温线变化的所有情况做出单一的普遍解释。最有可能的是，观测到的二叉是由于纬度（或海拔高度）共同变化的几个因素之间的协同相互作用而产生的。并非总是能够估计出每个因素的确切贡献。

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