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Stigma and HIV infection in Russia.

机译：俄罗斯的污名和艾滋病毒感染。

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Few studies have examined the personal and social consequences of stigma associated with HIV infection in Russia, a country with one of the most rapidly advancing HIV epidemics globally. By May 2005, Samara Oblast, Russia had 24,022 notified seropositive individuals. Focus-group discussions with randomly sampled seropositive and seronegative individuals, matched by age, gender and education were selected from the general population and used to provide an informal forum for discussion of attitudes to HIV and potentially stigmatizing behavior. The results demonstrated that the perception that HIV was associated with immoral behaviour underpinned stigma. Discriminating attitudes are strongly associated with misperceptions regarding transmission and frequent over-estimation of risks from casual contact. The general population was unforgiving to those who had become infected sexually or through drug use. Infection through a medical procedure or from an assault was perceived as a likely route of infection. Knowledge of population attitudes and perceptions, as well as those who are HIV-positive, is critical for successful interventions and to encourage people to come forward for HIV testing. This research offers insights into the distance that needs to be traveled if stigma is to be addressed in wider efforts to control HIV in Russia.
机译：很少有研究检查污名与艾滋病毒感染相关的个人和社会后果。俄罗斯是该国是全球艾滋病毒流行最迅速的国家之一。到2005年5月，俄罗斯萨马拉州已有24,022名血清反应阳性的人被通报。从一般人群中选择与年龄，性别和教育相匹配的血清样本呈阳性和血清阴性的个体进行的焦点小组讨论，这些讨论小组讨论的目的是为讨论对艾滋病毒的态度和潜在的污名化行为提供一个非正式的论坛。结果表明，对艾滋病毒与不道德行为有关的看法是污名化的基础。歧视性态度与对传播的误解以及对偶然接触的风险经常被过高估计密切相关。普通民众对那些受到性或吸毒感染的人不宽容。通过医疗程序或袭击造成的感染被认为是可能的感染途径。了解人群的态度和看法以及对艾滋病毒呈阳性的人，对于成功进行干预和鼓励人们挺身而出进行艾滋病毒检测至关重要。这项研究提供了深入了解，以便在俄罗斯为控制艾滋病毒而进行的更广泛的努力中解决耻辱感。

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