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首页> 外文期刊>AIDS care. >Identifying barriers to HIV testing: personal and contextual factors associated with late HIV testing.
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Identifying barriers to HIV testing: personal and contextual factors associated with late HIV testing.

机译：确定艾滋病毒检测的障碍：与晚期艾滋病毒检测相关的个人和背景因素。

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Late diagnosis of HIV is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Despite the availability of HIV testing, persons continue to test late in the course of HIV infection. We used the HIV/AIDS case registry of San Francisco Department of Public Health to identify and recruit 41 persons who developed AIDS within 12 months of their HIV diagnosis to participate in a qualitative and quantitative interview regarding late diagnosis of HIV. Thirty-one of the participants were diagnosed with HIV because of symptomatic disease and 50% of the participants were diagnosed with HIV and AIDS concurrently. Half of the subjects had not been tested for HIV prior to diagnosis. Fear was the most frequently cited barrier to testing. Other barriers included being unaware of improved HIV treatment, free/low cost care, and risk for HIV. Recommendations for health care providers to increase early diagnosis of HIV include routine ascertainment of HIV risk behaviors and testing histories, stronger recommendations for patients to be tested, and incorporating testing into routine medical care. Public health messages to increase testing include publicizing that (1) effective, tolerable, and low cost/free care for HIV is readily available, (2) early diagnosis of HIV improves health outcomes, (3) HIV can be transmitted to persons who engage in unprotected oral and insertive anal sex and unprotected receptive anal intercourse without ejaculation and from HIV-infected persons whose infection is well-controlled with antiretroviral therapy, (4) persons who may be infected based upon these behaviors should be tested following exposure, (5) HIV testing information will be kept private, and (6) encouraging friends and family to get HIV tested is beneficial.
机译：艾滋病毒的晚期诊断与发病率，死亡率和医疗保健费用的增加有关。尽管可以进行艾滋病毒检测，但人们仍在艾滋病毒感染过程中进行后期检测。我们使用了旧金山公共卫生部的HIV / AIDS病例注册表来识别并招募41名在HIV诊断后12个月内患上AIDS的人，以参加有关HIV晚期诊断的定性和定量访谈。其中有31名参与者因症状性疾病而被诊断为HIV，而50％的参与者同时被诊断为HIV和AIDS。在诊断之前，有一半的受试者未接受过HIV检测。恐惧是最常被提及的测试障碍。其他障碍包括不了解改善的艾滋病毒治疗，免费/低成本护理以及艾滋病毒的风险。为医疗保健提供者增加对HIV的早期诊断的建议包括对HIV风险行为和检测历史的常规确定，对要检测的患者的更强建议，以及将检测纳入常规医疗保健中。通过公共卫生信息来提高检测水平包括宣传（1）随时可以提供有效，可耐受和低成本/免费的HIV护理，（2）HIV的早期诊断可以改善健康状况，（3）HIV可以传播给从事艾滋病毒的人在没有射精的情况下进行无保护的口交和插入性肛交以及无保护的接受性肛交，以及接受抗逆转录病毒疗法控制感染的HIV感染者中，（4）暴露后应根据这些行为对可能受到感染的人进行检查，（5 ）艾滋病毒检测信息将被保密，（6）鼓励朋友和家人进行艾滋病毒检测是有益的。

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