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The Development Effects of the Extractive Colonial Economy:The Dutch Cultivation System in Java

机译：采掘殖民经济的发展效应：爪哇荷兰栽培制度

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摘要

Colonial powers typically organized economic activity in the colonies to maximize their economic returns.While the literature has emphasized long-run negative economic impacts via institutional quality,the changes in economic organization implemented to spur production historically could also directly influence economic organization in the long-run,exerting countervailing effects.We examine these in the context of the Dutch Cultivation System,the integrated industrial and agricultural system for producing sugar that formed the core of the Dutch colonial enterprise in 19th century Java.We show that areas close to where the Dutch established sugar factories in the mid-19th century are today more industrialized,have better infrastructure,are more educated,and are richer than nearby counterfactual locations that would have been similarly suitable for colonial sugar factories.We also show,using a spatial regression discontinuity design on the catchment areas around each factory,that villages forced to grow sugar cane have more village-owned land and also have more schools and substantially higher education levels,both historically and today.The results suggest that the economic structures implemented by colonizers to facilitate production can continue to promote economic activity in the long run,and we discuss the contexts where such effects are most likely to be important.
机译：殖民国通常在殖民地中组织经济活动，以最大化他们的经济回报。当文献通过机构质量强调长期的负面经济影响，历史上实施的经济组织的变化也可以直接影响经济组织运行，施加反补贴效果。我们在荷兰栽培制度的背景下检查这些综合的工业和农业系统，用于生产19世纪荷兰殖民企业核心java的核心。我们展示了荷兰靠近荷兰人的地区成立的糖厂在19世纪中期的今天更加工业化，有更好的基础设施，更受教育，比附近的反事地区更丰富，这将类似地适合殖民糖工厂。我们还展示了，使用空间回归不连续性设计在每个工厂周围的集水区，那个村庄被迫种植甘蔗有更多的村庄所有的土地，也有更多的学校和大幅度高等教育水平，两者都在历史上和今天。结果表明，殖民者实施的经济结构促进生产可以继续促进长期经济活动运行，我们讨论了这些效果最有可能重要的背景。

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