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Reflections on One Hundred and Fifty Years of the United States Department of Agriculture

机译：对美国农业部一百五十年的思考

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This group of essays recognizes the sesquicentennial of the United States Department of Agriculture. The USDA was created in 1862, part of a body of legislation that the Union was able to enact once free from the constraints of the southern states. The legislation—the Morrill Land Grant Act, establishing federally supported higher education; the Homestead Act, allowing citizens to claim federal land in the American West; and the Pacific Railway Act, allotting federal land to private companies to capitalize railroad construction—substantially extended the reach of the federal government. Arguably, of all the 1862 legislation, the creation of the USDA has had the greatest impact on the lives of American citizens and on people around the world. Witha wide mandate ranging from food stamps to foreign diplomacy, from tourism to grain surpluses, the USDA has both mirrored and influenced the good and bad of American culture. These five idiosyncratic essays address some of the myriad aspects of the USDA,reflecting on its history, writ large; its management of the nation's forests; its race relations; its efforts to conserve America's privately held lands; and its sometimes contradictory global initiatives. Together they comprise a varied set of lenseson this hugely influential bureaucracy.
机译：这组论文是对美国农业部成立一百周年的纪念。美国农业部成立于1862年，是欧盟在不受南部各州约束的情况下能够颁布的立法体系的一部分。立法-《莫里尔土地补助法》，建立了联邦政府支持的高等教育; 《家园法》，允许公民在美国西部领取联邦土地;以及《太平洋铁路法》（Pacific Railway Act），将联邦土地分配给私人公司以资本化铁路建设，从而大大扩展了联邦政府的影响力。可以说，在1862年的所有立法中，USDA的建立对美国公民和全世界人民的生活影响最大。从食品券到外国外交，从旅游业到谷物过剩，美国农业部的职责范围广泛，既反映了美国文化的好坏，也影响了美国文化的好坏。这五篇独特的论文论及了美国农业部的许多方面，反映了美国农业部的历史，写得很大。对国家森林的管理;它的种族关系;其保护美国私人土地的努力;及其有时相互矛盾的全球倡议。它们共同构成了这个极具影响力的官僚机构的不同视角。

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