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Nitrogen utilisation efficiency in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Central Mexico

机译：墨西哥中部高地小规模乳品系统中的氮利用效率

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Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in small-scale dairy systems, both in production costs and as an indicator of environmental impact. The objective of this study was to quantify nitrogen inputs and outputs to identify areas for improvement in nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUE). Evaluation was in 12 small-scale dairy farms with different feeding strategies. Six followed the traditional cut and carry of irrigated temperate pastures (CUT), and six have implemented grazing of pastures (GRZ), quantifying N inputs and outputs from May 2016 to April 2017. Data were analysed by ANOVA following a split-plot model with season (rainy or dry) as main plots and feeding strategy (CUT or GRZ) as split-plots, with results in kilograms N per hectare and kilograms N per cow. There were differences (P 0.05) between seasons and strategies in N inputs from purchased N fertilisers and purchased feeds as concentrates and roughages, showing different N inputs and outputs whether in CUT or GRZ strategies. There were also significant interactions between seasons and strategies as in the sale of animals, where GRZ sell throughout the year, while CUT sell at the beginning of the dry season. N balance ranged from 33.9 to 183.0 kg N/ha, and 37.8 to 111.0 as kilograms N per cow with an interaction (P 0.05) between season and strategies. There was a larger N surplus in GRZ during the rainy season from fertiliser inputs, which reduced N utilisation efficiency (NUE). Mean NUE in kilograms N per hectare and kilograms N per cow was 19%, with the higher efficiency for GRZ in the dry season. Farms with the best NUE had lower use of fertilisers and purchased feeds.
机译：氮（n）在生产成本和环境影响的指标中起着重要作用。本研究的目的是量化氮气输入和产出，以确定氮利用效率（NUE）的改善区域。评估是12个小型乳制品农场，具有不同的饲养策略。六次遵循传统的剪切和携带灌溉温带牧场（切割），六次已经实施了牧场（GRZ）的放牧，从2016年5月到2017年5月量化了N个投入和产出。在分裂绘图模型之后，ANOVA分析了数据的数据季节（雨或干）作为主要地块和喂养策略（切割或GRZ）作为分裂图，结果每牛每公顷千克N千克N.来自购买的N肥料的N个输入的季节和策略之间存在差异（p＆ 0.05），并购买饲料作为浓缩物和粗饲料，显示不同的n个输入和输出是否削减或GRZ策略。在销售动物的季节和策略之间也存在显着的互动，而GRZ全年卖出，而在旱季开始销售。 n平衡范围从33.9到183.0 kg n / ha，37.8至111.0，每头牛的千克N.季节和策略之间的相互作用（P＆ 0.05）。在肥料投入的雨季期间GRZ中的N余量较大，降低了N利用效率（NUE）。平均每公顷的NUE千克N千克N每牛的千克N为19％，在旱季中的GRZ效率较高。最佳NUE的农场利用肥料和购买的饲料。

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