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Importance of livestock diseases identified using participatory epidemiology in the highlands of Ethiopia

机译：埃塞俄比亚高地参与性流行病学鉴定畜禽疾病的重要性

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Livestock are a major cornerstone for livelihoods of smallholders in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, infectious diseases are a key constraint in livestock production affecting productivity and food security. This study aimed to understand livestock producers' perception on importance and epidemiology of livestock diseases. Participatory tools using focus group discussions were used to identify and rank livestock species, major livestock diseases, and their epidemiological patterns in smallholder systems. The study covered 17 districts in four regions, with two or three kebeles (smallest administrative unit) included in each district. To capture views of women and men, separate focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted. Data collected through proportional piling were used in generalized linear model analysis. Taking sheep as a reference, cattle were significantly the most preferred species with the odds of cattle scoring higher than sheep being 2.08 times (P = 0.000). Sheep and poultry were equally the second most important livestock, followed by goat and equine. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women FGD groups and between the four regions in their preference for livestock species. Twelve out of 28 identified livestock diseases were mentioned by at least 10% of FGDs in their list of five most important diseases. Blackleg, foot, and mouth disease, lumpy skin disease, anthrax, and bovine pasteurellosis were ranked as the top five diseases by both men and women focus groups. Reasons for high scores included suddenness of death, zoonosis risks, animal age groups and species affected, frequency of occurrence, rate of transmission in herds, curability, and inefficient vaccination. Seasonality and agro-ecology were also factors associated with disease occurrence. The study also documents that adult men and women are more involved in activities related to disease transmission compared with other family members. When asked about impacts of diseases, loss of livelihood, displacement, and infection with zoonoses were mentioned, with women considered equally affected as men. In conclusion, participatory tools allowed understanding disease priorities of and their perceived epidemiology in smallholder systems. The perceptions and priorities of men and women are very similar, and both need to be involved in designing health management interventions. Based on the findings of this study, the intervention strategies listed in the 2013 animal health strategy of Ethiopia (MoA and ILRI 2013) seem pertinent and need to be implemented to overcome the challenges of diseases.
机译：畜牧是埃塞俄比亚高地小农生计生计的主要基石。然而，传染病是影响生产率和粮食安全的牲畜生产的关键限制。本研究旨在了解畜牧业生产者对畜禽疾病的重要性和流行病学的看法。使用焦点小组讨论的参与式工具用于识别和排名畜牧业，主要的牲畜疾病以及他们在小农系统中的流行病学模式。该研究涵盖了四个地区的17个地区，每个地区都有两个或三个Kebeles（最小的行政单位）。捕捉妇女和男性的意见，进行了单独的焦点组讨论（FGD）。通过比例打桩收集的数据在广义的线性模型分析中使用。将羊作为参考，牛是最优选的物种，牛得分的几率高于绵羊是2.08次（p = 0.000）。绵羊和家禽同样是第二个最重要的牲畜，其次是山羊和马匹。男女FGD组和四个地区偏爱牲畜物种之间没有统计学上存在差异。在其五种最重要的疾病的列表中，至少10％的FGDS提到了28个鉴定的牲畜疾病中的十二例。 Blackleg，脚和口病，肿块皮肤病，炭疽病和牛巴氏菌病毒症被排名为男性和女性焦点小组的前五种疾病。高分的原因包括死亡的突然性，动物年龄群和物种影响，发生频率，畜群中的传播速率，可固化和效率低下。季节性和农业生态学也与疾病发生相关的因素。该研究还记录了与其他家庭成员相比，成年男性和妇女更多地参与与疾病传播相关的活动。当被问及疾病的影响时，提到了生计丧失，流离失所和含有ZOONES的感染，妇女视为男性平均受影响。总之，参与工具允许理解小农系统中的疾病优先事项及其感知流行病学。男女的看法和优先事项非常相似，两者都需要参与设计健康管理干预措施。基于本研究的调查结果，埃塞俄比亚2013年动物健康战略中列出的干预策略（2013年MOA和ILRI）似乎有关，需要实施以克服疾病的挑战。

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