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首页> 外文期刊>Veterinary Parasitology >Molecular epidemiology and associated risk factors of Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in cattle from North-western Pakistan
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Molecular epidemiology and associated risk factors of Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in cattle from North-western Pakistan

机译：西北西北部牛的Anplasma Marginale和Theileria Annulata的分子流行病学和相关危险因素

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摘要

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens are one of the major threats to livestock production worldwide. The aim of present study is to specify the molecular epidemiology and its associated risk factors of two well-distributed tickborne pathogens Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in cattle population from North-western Pakistan. Blood samples were Collected from 60 (32.6 %) local breed cattle, 101 (54.9 %) from crossbreed, and 24 (13.0 %) from exotic breed with total of 184 blood samples. Species-specific PCR assays were performed to detect the presence of A. marginale and T. annulata based on 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genetic makers respectively. PCR results showed that A. marginale was 16.3 % prevalent and T. annulata was 29.9 % prevalent in the study area with a total prevalence rate of 46.2 % (85/184) of the tested blood samples. District wise analysis revealed that both pathogens were highly prevalent in district Dir Upper (13.6 %) and least prevalent in district Chitral (10.3 %). Univariable analysis of risk factors showed that only breed and acaricidal treatment were significant determinants (P < 0.05) for A. marginale infection, however, in case of T. annulata infection; breed, age, gender, grazing practice, and acaricidal treatment were potential determinants (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis specified that breed and acaricidal treatment were considered as significant risk factors for A. marginale infection (P < 0.05) whereas acaricidal treatment was found to be a significant determinant for T. annulata infection (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. marginale 16S rRNA and T. annulata 18S rRNA isolates showed similarities and shared phylogeny with same isolates reported from Asia. This is the first molecular report on the epidemiology and risk factors analysis of A. marginale and T. annulata infections in cattle population from NW Pakistan. Further large scale study is required to investigate molecular, epidemiological and genotypic aspects as well as potential risk factors analysis from the country to facilitate designing strategies to control tick-borne pathogen and reduce losses to cattle industry.
机译：蜱和蜱传播病原体是全球畜牧业生产的主要威胁之一。目前研究的目的是指出两种分布良好分布的滴注的分子流行病学及其相关危险因素来自西北巴基斯坦西北部的牛群中的Anaplasma Marginale和Theileria Annulata。从60（32.6％）杂交的杂交，101（54.9％）收集血液样品，24（13.0％）从异国情调的品种，总共184个血样。进行物种特异性PCR测定以分别检测16S rRNA和18S rRNA遗传制造商的A. Marginale和T.Canulata的存在。 PCR结果表明，A. Marginale普遍存在16.3％，T. Annulata在研究区域中普遍存在29.9％，总患病率为46.2％（85/184）的测试血样。地区明智的分析显示，两种病原体在地区患有（13.6％）中的普遍普遍存在（13.6％），在4.3％（10.3％）中普遍存在。不可明显的风险因素分析表明，只有A. annulata感染的Marginale感染只有繁殖和杀菌剂治疗是显着的决定因素（P <0.05）;品种，年龄，性别，放牧实践和杀螨治疗是潜在的决定因素（P <0.05）。多变量分析规定，繁殖和杀螨剂治疗被认为是A. Marginale感染的显着风险因素（P <0.05），而Acaricidal治疗被发现是T. Annulata感染的重要决定因素（P <0.05）。系统发育分析表明，A. Marginale 16s RRNA和T.Anuluta 18s RRNA分离物显示出相似性和共同的系统发育，与亚洲报告的相同分离物。这是关于牛巴基斯坦牛群牛群的牛油群和annulata感染的第一个关于流行病学和危险因素分析的分子报告。需要进一步的大规模研究来研究分子，流行病学和基因型方面以及来自该国的潜在风险因素分析，以促进控制蜱传播病原体的策略，减少对牛行业的损失。

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