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Industrial potential of organic solvent tolerant bacteria [Review]

机译：有机溶剂耐受细菌的工业潜力[综述]

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Most bacteria and their enzymes are destroyed or inactivated in the presence of organic solvents. Organic solvent tolerant bacteria are a relatively novel group of extremophilic microorganisms that combat these destructive effects and thrive in the presence of high concentrations of organic solvents as a result of various adaptations. These bacteria are being explored for their potential in industrial and environmental biotechnology, since their enzymes retain activity in the presence of toxic solvents. This property could be exploited to carry out bioremediation and biocatalysis in the presence of an organic phase. Because a large number of substrates used in industrial chemistry, such as steroids, are water-insoluble, their bioconversion rates are affected by poor dissolution in water. This problem can be overcome by carrying out the process in a biphasic organic-aqueous fermentation system, wherein the substrate is dissolved in the organic phase and provided to cells present in the aqueous phase. In bioprocessing of fine chemicals such as cis-diols and epoxides using such cultures, organic solvents can be used to extract a toxic product from the aqueous phase, thereby improving the efficiency of the process. Bacterial strains reported to grow on and utilize saturated concentrations of organic solvents such as toluene can revolutionize the removal of such pollutants. It is now known that enzymes display striking new properties in the presence of organic solvents. The role of solvent-stable enzymes in nonaqueous biocatalysis needs to be explored and could result in novel applications.
机译：在有机溶剂的存在下，大多数细菌及其酶被破坏或灭活。耐有机溶剂的细菌是一组相对较新的极端微生物，它们可以抵抗这些破坏性作用，并由于各种适应作用而在高浓度有机溶剂的存在下壮成长。人们正在研究这些细菌在工业和环境生物技术中的潜力，因为它们的酶在有毒溶剂的存在下仍具有活性。在有机相存在下，可以利用该性质进行生物修复和生物催化。由于工业化学中使用的大量底物（例如类固醇）是水不溶性的，因此其生物转化率会受到在水中不良溶解的影响。通过在双相有机-水发酵系统中进行该方法可以克服该问题，其中将底物溶解在有机相中并提供给存在于水相中的细胞。在使用此类培养物对精细化学药品（例如顺式二醇和环氧化物）进行生物处理时，可以使用有机溶剂从水相中提取有毒产物，从而提高处理效率。据报道，细菌菌株会不断生长并利用饱和浓度的有机溶剂（如甲苯），从而彻底消除此类污染物。现在已知在有机溶剂的存在下酶显示出惊人的新特性。需要探索溶剂稳定酶在非水生物催化中的作用，并可能导致新的应用。

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