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Cerebral reserve capacity: implications for alcohol and drug abuse.

机译：脑储备能力：对酗酒和吸毒的影响。

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Cerebral reserve capacity (or functional reserve) refers to the brain's ability to maintain function when confronted by degenerative processes. Functional reserve can be estimated by several associated measures, including premorbid brain size, premorbid IQ, and level of education attained. There is accumulating evidence that the magnitude of reserve capacity is important in determining the onset and progression of the clinical manifestations of neurodegenerative brain diseases. Normal aging also whittles away at this cerebral reserve, and there may be a consequent unmasking of morbid effects that was not clinically evident when this compensatory reserve was sufficient. We review the evidence supporting this model for a number of degenerative brain processes, including Alzheimer's disease, presenile dementia, HIV dementia, aging, and chronic (multiyear) substance abuse. The concept of cerebral functional reserve has important implications for alcohol and drug abuse morbidity. First, given the high genetic contribution to substance abuse, there is an increased likelihood that the parents of substance abusers were substance abusers themselves. Substance abuse during pregnancy can inhibit brain growth, resulting in reduced brain size and reduced reserve capacity (and therefore less ability to compensate for loss of function later in life). Second, substance abuse is often coupled with poverty, and both substance abuse and poverty are associated with some of the same conditions that reduce brain growth. Finally, we comment on the most important public health implication of the cerebral reserve capacity model (vis-a-vis addiction).
机译：脑储备能力（或功能储备）是指大脑在发生退化过程时维持功能的能力。可以通过几种相关的措施来评估功能储备，包括患病前的大脑大小，患病前的智商和获得的教育水平。有越来越多的证据表明，储备能力的大小对于确定神经退行性脑疾病的临床表现的发作和进展很重要。正常的衰老也会削弱这种大脑储备，因此可能会掩盖病态效应，而当这种补偿储备足够时，这种效应在临床上并不明显。我们回顾了支持该模型的许多变性脑过程的证据，包括阿尔茨海默氏病，老年性痴呆，HIV痴呆，衰老和慢性（多年期）药物滥用。脑功能储备的概念对酒精和药物滥用的发病率具有重要意义。首先，鉴于遗传对滥用药物的贡献很大，滥用毒品者的父母本身就是滥用毒品者的可能性增加。怀孕期间滥用药物会抑制脑部发育，导致脑部尺寸减小和储备能力下降（因此，弥补以后生命机能丧失的能力降低）。其次，药物滥用常常与贫困相伴，而药物滥用和贫困都与减少大脑生长的某些相同条件相关。最后，我们评论了大脑储备能力模型（相对于成瘾）最重要的公共卫生影响。

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