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From opioid maintenance to abstinence: a literature review.

机译：从阿片类药物维护到禁欲：文献综述。

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It appears that the literature on agonist maintenance therapies for opioid dependence pays more attention to outcomes during, rather than after, treatment. This review aims to (a) estimate to what extent opioid abstinence can be expected from former maintenance patients, (b) examine possible relationships between patient and treatment characteristics and abstinence rates and (c) assess the need for research in the field of abstinence-orientated maintenance treatment in general, and time-limited buprenorphine maintenance treatment in particular. Database searches supplemented by cross-references resulted in 12 studies included in the review. The studies were mostly naturalistic follow-up studies of former methadone maintenance patients, authored by US researchers in the 1970s. Buprenorphine was used in only one of the studies, and then as a transition between methadone and abstinence. There were considerable variations in definition and assessment of abstinence. Pooled abstinence rates ranged from 22% to 86%. The single factor associated most frequently with abstinence was voluntary participation in detoxification programmes with eligibility criteria ('therapeutic detoxification'). When 'therapeutic detoxification' was compared to 'non-therapeutic detoxification' the pooled abstinence rates were 48% and 22%, respectively. Abstinence-orientated maintenance therapy may be suitable for a subgroup of patients, but there is a substantial need for research updates. [Kornor H, Waal H. From opioid maintenance to abstinence: a literature review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2005;24:267 - 274].
机译：似乎对阿片类药物依赖的激动剂维持治疗的文献更加关注在结果期间的结果，而不是在疗程中。本综述旨在（a）估计以前的维护患者可以预期阿片类药物的程度，（b）审查患者和治疗特征之间可能的关系，并禁欲率和（c）评估禁止领域的研究需求 - 方向维护治疗一般，特别是有限的丁丙诺啡维持治疗。通过交叉引用补充的数据库搜索导致了12项研究审查。这些研究主要是20世纪70年代美国研究人员撰写的前美沙酮维持患者的自主后续研究。丁丙诺啡只用于其中一个研究，然后作为美沙酮与禁欲的过渡。对禁欲的定义和评估有相当大的变化。合并的禁欲率范围从22％到86％。禁止最常相关的单一因素是具有资格标准的排毒计划（“治疗解毒”）的自愿参与。当“治疗解毒”与“非治疗解毒”进行比较时，汇集禁因率分别为48％和22％。面向禁止的维持治疗可能适用于患者的亚组，但有需要进行研究更新的实质性需求。 [Kornor H，Waal H.从阿片类药物维护到禁欲：文献综述。药物酒精Rev 2005; 24：267 - 274]。

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