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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Analytical Toxicology >Drugged Driving in Wisconsin: Oral Fluid Versus Blood
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Drugged Driving in Wisconsin: Oral Fluid Versus Blood

机译：在威斯康星州的药物驾驶：口腔液与血液

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A pilot project was conducted in Dane County, Wisconsin, to evaluate the frequency of individuals driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). Evidentiary blood specimens, collected from subjects arrested for Operating While Intoxicated (OWI), were compared to oral fluid (OF) results obtained with the Alere DDS2 (R), a handheld screening device. The project objectives were to evaluate (i) the Alere DDS2 (R) for use by police officers in the field, (ii) the frequency of individuals DUID and drugs combined with alcohol among OWI cases, (iii) the differences between detecting drugs in OF and in blood, and (iv) the effect of the laboratory drug testing cancellation policy (LCP) when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds 0.100 g/100 mL. Following the arrest and collection of blood, subjects were asked to voluntarily participate in the project and provide an OF specimen. The OF was presumptively screened with the Alere DDS2 (R) for six drug categories including (ng/mL) amphetamine (50), benzodiazepines (temazepam, 20), cocaine (benzoylecgonine, 30), methamphetamine (50), opioids (morphine, 40) and THC (delta-9-THC, 25). Results obtained with the OF screening instrument were not confirmed. A total of 104 subjects (22 female, 82 male), ages 18-72, were included in the project. Blood specimens were tested by gas chromatography-headspace (GCHS-FID) for volatiles, enzyme immunoassay (Siemens Viva-E Drug Testing System), and an alkaline basic drug screen with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. To compensate for differences between the EIA and the Alere DDS2 (R) drug categories, results from the enzyme immunoassay and the alkaline basic drug screen were combined for purposes of comparing OF to blood. Seventy-six of 104 (73%) subjects arrested for OWI were driving under the influence of alcohol; 71 of the 76 had a BAC exceeding 0.10 g/100 mL. Subjects with a BAC exceeding the LCP, screened positive for drugs in both OF (n = 29) and blood (n = 28). Overall, one or more positive drug screening result was observed in 57 (55%) and 50 (48%) subjects for OF and blood specimens, respectively. THC was the most frequently detected drug category in both OF (n = 46) and whole blood (n = 44). Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) evaluations were performed on 18 subjects. In general, the Alere DDS2 (R) results were consistent with the combined screening results observed in evidentiary blood specimens. This project was limited in scope as a second OF specimen was not collected for confirmation of drugs, however it did demonstrate that nearly 40% of the subjects with concentrations of alcohol exceeding 0.10 g/100 mL, screened positive for one or more drug categories in both OF and blood. The Alere DDS2 (R) portable OF screening instrument may be useful in assisting law enforcement with identifying individuals driving under the influence of drugs and establishing probable cause at roadside for making DUID arrests.
机译：试点项目在威斯康星州丹丹县举行，评估毒品影响下的个人频率（Duid）。与醉酒（owi）停止的受试者收集的证据血液标本与使用ALERE DDS2（R），手持式筛选装置获得的口服液（OF）进行比较。项目目标是评估（i）奥利德DDS2（r），供现场的警察使用，（ii）个人DUID和药物的频率与OWI案件中的酒精相结合，（iii）检测药物之间的差异在血液酒精浓度（BAC）超过0.100g / 100ml时，血液中和（iv）的血液和（iv）的效果。在逮捕和收集血液之后，被要求自愿参加该项目并提供标本。随着六种药物类别的六种药物类别（包括（Ng / ml）amphetamine（50），苯二氮卓（Temazepam，20），可卡因（苯甲酰葡萄糖，30），甲基苯丙胺（50），阿片类药物（吗啡， 40）和THC（Delta-9-THC，25）。没有确认使用筛选仪获得的结果。该项目中共有104名受试者（22名女性，82名男性），年龄18-72岁。通过气相色谱 - 顶空（GCHS-FID）测试血液标本，用于挥发物，酶免疫测定（西门子Viva-E药检测系统）和具有气相色谱 - 质谱（GCMS）分析的碱性碱性药物筛网。为了补偿EIA和ALERE DDS2（R）药物类别之间的差异，酶免疫测定和碱性碱性药物筛选的结果用于比较血液。为owi逮捕的104名（73％）受试者的受试者在酒精的影响下推动; 76的71具有超过0.10g / 100ml的BAC。具有超过LCP的BAC的受试者，筛选（n = 29）和血液（n = 28）中的药物阳性。总的来说，分别在57（55％）和50（48％）的对象中观察到一种或多种阳性药物筛选结果和血液标本。 THC是（n = 46）和全血（n = 44）中最常检测到的药物类别。药物识别专家（DRE）评估由18个科目进行。通常，Alere DDS2（R）结果与在证据血液标本中观察到的组合筛选结果一致。该项目的范围有限，因为没有收集一秒的标本以确认药物，但它确实证明了近40％的受试者浓度超过0.10g / 100ml，筛选阳性，用于一种或多种药物类别和血液。 Alere DDS2（R）筛选仪器的便携式可用于协助执法执法，以识别在药物影响下驾驶的个人，并在路旁建立可能的原因进行Duid逮捕。

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