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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Apicultural Research >Cannibalism of diploid drone larvae in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is released by odd pattern of cuticular substances
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Cannibalism of diploid drone larvae in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is released by odd pattern of cuticular substances

机译：蜂蜜蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）中的二倍体无人机幼虫的摄入量由奇数图案释放

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In order to decipher the assumed scent signals from diploid drone larvae which release the cannibalism behaviour of nursing worker honey bees, cuticular extracts of newly hatched and unfed live larvae were made by brief washes in pentane. The first instars were sexed using a recently improved method. The extracted cuticular substances of diploid drones, diploid workers and haploid drones were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Greater quantities of cuticular compounds were obtained from male than from female larvae, with the diploid drones having a little less than the haploids. The main components in the first instar larval spectrum were identified as four alkanes and squalene, present in the extracts of all three larval types, but in different amounts. No substance was found to occur exclusively on the diploid drones. Our analyses clearly indicate pronounced quantitative but no qualitative peculiarities in the pattern of cuticular secretions on first instar diploid drone larvae. The pattern differs from both the worker and the normal drone composition and is presumably perceived as odd by the nursing worker bees. This assumption was bioassayed with dummies impregnated with blends copying the quantitative pattern of the five main components as determined for the three types of larvae. The brood cells containing diploid drone 'dummies' (shaped from paraffin) were emptied significantly faster than those with the worker and haploid drone odour or the controls. According to these within-colony test results, the adult bees can recognize diploid drones by their particular pattern of cuticular secretions. Neither the previous notion of a cannibalism substance nor that of a diminished production of pheromones could be confirmed. Implications of this infanticide on inclusive fitness of the superorganism bee colony and evolutionary aspects in relation to the hymenopteran sex determination are discussed.
机译：为了破译来自二倍体无人机幼虫的假定的气味信号，释放护理工人蜂蜜蜜蜂的同类行为，新孵化的和不断活泼的活幼虫的切割提取物是通过在戊烷中短暂洗涤的。第一个Instars使用最近改进的方法进行性别化。通过气相色谱 - 质谱分析二倍体无人机，二倍体工人和单倍体无人机的提取的咬合物质。从男性中获得较多的母性化合物，而不是来自雌性幼虫，二倍体无人机比单倍体少于单倍体。第一龄幼虫谱中的主要成分被鉴定为四种烷烃和角鲨烯，存在于所有三种幼虫类型的提取物中，但在不同的量。发现没有物质在二倍体无人机上发生。我们的分析清楚地表明了在第一龄二倍体无人雷诺幼虫的有话要分泌物模式中明显的定量但没有定性特性。该图案与工人和正常的无人机组合物的不同之处，并且可能被护理工人蜜蜂视为奇数。这种假设是用浸渍的假人生物测量，所述模糊复制五种主要成分的定量模式，如确定的三种类型的幼虫。含有二倍体无人机'假人'（由石蜡形）的育雏细胞明显快于工人和单倍体无人机气味或对照的速度。根据这些殖民地测试结果，成年蜜蜂可以通过其特定的咬合分泌物识别二倍体无人机。可以证实同类食谱物质的先前概念，也不能够确认细分的信息素的产生。讨论了这一婴儿对超级大学群落殖民地的包容性健身和与Hymenopteran性别决定有关的进化方面的影响。

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