Formation, morphology and interpretation of darkened faecal spherulites
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Formation, morphology and interpretation of darkened faecal spherulites

机译：黑暗的粪便球座的形成，形态和解释

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AbstractFaecal spherulites are a common indicator of dung in archaeological deposits and most of the basic processes of their formation and taphonomy have been explained. However, a darkened form is also regularly found, ranging from slightly transparent through to completely opaque. These have been less well studied, so we set out here to understand what actually causes the darkening and to determine the range of conditions required to produce the changes.Darkened spherulites were successfully created by heating dung to between 500?°C and 700?°C with the gaseous products constrained. The maximum production in our experiments was at 600?°C. The darkened spherulites often expanded during the alteration process and some of the expanded ones become distorted. SEM examination was only possible through destructive preparation processes, but examples were found showing expansion beyond the normal size range. These had a distinctive internal structure characterised by very fine crystallinity and larger scale fracturing, perhaps resulting from organic matter loss and/or CaCO3alteration. Prolonged oxidative heating failed to remove the darkening, leading to the possibility that it is partly a structural phenomenon, with opacification arising from compound relief.Based on these findings, darkened spherulites can now be confidently interpreted as; resulting from dung being heated in conditions of limited gaseous exchange to between 500 and 700?°C, then not heated again beyond ca. 700?°C. These sorts of conditions could
机译：<！[CDATA [ 抽象 粪便球素是考古沉积物中粪便的常见指标，以及其形成和taphonomy的大部分基本过程都有已经解释过。然而，也定期发现变暗的形式，从略微透明到完全不透明。这些已经很少研究，所以我们在这里阐述了解实际导致变暗的内容，并确定产生变化所需的条件范围。 通过将粪便加热至500Ω°C和700°C而成功地创建了变暗的球晶。我们实验中的最大产量为600？°C。在改变过程中，变暗的球晶经常膨胀，并且一些扩张的膨胀物变得扭曲。 SEM检查仅通过破坏性制备过程才有可能，但发现展示超出正常尺寸范围的膨胀。这些具有独特的内部结构，其特征在于具有非常细的结晶度和更大的压裂压裂，可能是有机物质损失和/或Caco 3 改变。延长的氧化加热未能去除变暗，导致它是部分是结构现象的可能性，从复合浮雕产生透明度。 根据这些发现，黑暗的球质现在可以自信地解释为;由粪便在有限的气态交换条件下加热至500到700°C的条件下，然后不会再加热到大约中。 700？°C。这些条件可以

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