Students' Value Orientations in Contemporary China: Analysis of Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Comparison With Students From Germany and Russia

Heim E.; Scholten S.; Maercker A.; Xiu D.; Cai D.; Gao Z. H.; Lu S.; Sang Z. Q.; Wei J.; Kochetkov Y.; Margraf J.

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Students' Value Orientations in Contemporary China: Analysis of Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Comparison With Students From Germany and Russia

机译：当代中国的学生价值取向：与德国和俄罗斯学生的测量不变性和潜在平均差异的分析

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The present study examined Chinese students' personal value orientations according to the Schwartz value theory in comparison with students from Germany and Russia. The theory postulates 10 value orientations grouped into four higher-order factors: conservation versus openness to change and self-transcendence versus self-enhancement. Schwartz' value orientations have been extensively investigated in Europe but less in East Asian countries such as China. We hypothesized that Chinese students would score higher on conservation and self-enhancement than German and Russian students, but lower on self-transcendence. Regarding openness to change, a null hypothesis was formulated. Students from China (n = 9,601), Germany (n = 1,118), and Russia (n = 3,890) completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21). To ensure methodological preconditions for cross-cultural comparison, measurement invariance of the PVQ-21 was tested. In a first step, confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted separately for each country. Due to the high correlation between the 10 values, the four higher-order dimensions were studied separately. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance models were tested using multigroup CFA. Full metric and partial scalar invariance models held for all higher-order factors. Thereafter, latent means of values were compared across samples. As a result, Chinese students scored highest on the four higher-order dimensions when compared with Russian and German samples, thus the hypotheses were only partly confirmed. Results of this study could reflect the value conflicts emerging from various cultural influences in contemporary China: Young people are confronted with daily negotiation between Confucian tradition and the rapid economic development.

机译：本研究审查了中国学生的个人价值取向，与德国和俄罗斯的学生相比，施瓦茨价值理论。该理论假设10个价值取向分为四个高阶因子：保护与开放性改变和自我超越与自我增强。 Schwartz的价值取向已在欧洲广泛调查，但在中国等东亚国家较少。我们假设中国学生比德国和俄罗斯学生的养护和自我增强更高，而是降低自动超越。关于改变的开放性，配制了零假设。来自中国的学生（n = 9,601），德国（n = 1,118），俄罗斯（n = 3,890）完成了肖像值问卷（PVQ-21）。为确保用于跨文化比较的方法论前提，测试PVQ-21的测量不变性。在第一步中，为每个国家分别进行确认因子分析（CFA）。由于10值之间的高相关，分别研究了四个高阶维度。使用MultiGroup CFA测试配置，指标和标准和标量不变性模型。为所有高阶因子保持完整的公制和部分标量不变模型。此后，在样品中比较潜伏的值手段。因此，与俄罗斯和德国样品相比，中国学生在四个高阶维度上得分最高，因此假设仅部分确认。该研究的结果可能反映了当代中国各种文化影响的产值冲突：年轻人面临着儒家传统与经济快速发展之间的日常谈判。

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来源
《Journal of cross-cultural psychology》 |2017年第4期|共21页
作者
Heim E.; Scholten S.; Maercker A.; Xiu D.; Cai D.; Gao Z. H.; Lu S.; Sang Z. Q.; Wei J.; Kochetkov Y.; Margraf J.;
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作者单位

Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland;

Ruhr Univ Bochum Bochum Germany;

Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland;

Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland;

Shanghai Normal Univ Shanghai Peoples R China;

North China Univ Sci &

Technol Tangshan Peoples R China;

Capital Normal Univ Beijing Peoples R China;

Nanjing Univ Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China;

Guizhou Univ Finance &

Econ Guiyang Peoples R China;

Ctr Cognit Therapy Moscow Russia;

Ruhr Univ Bochum Bochum Germany;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类心理学;
关键词
value orientations; Portrait Values Questionnaire; cross-cultural comparison; measurement invariance; China;

机译：价值取向;肖像值问卷;跨文化比较;测量不变性;中国;

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1. Students' Value Orientations in Contemporary China: Analysis of Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Comparison With Students From Germany and Russia [J] . Heim E., Scholten S., Maercker A., Journal of cross-cultural psychology . 2017,第4期

机译：当代中国的学生价值取向：与德国和俄罗斯学生的测量不变性和潜在平均差异的分析
2. Homework Goal Orientation Scale: Measurement invariance and latent mean differences across gender and grade level [J] . Sun Meilu, Du Jianxia, Xu Jianzhong, Psychology in the schools . 2019,第3期

机译：家庭作业目标方向规模：性别和等级水平的测量不变性和潜在的平均差异
3. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire: Testing for Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Spanish and Portuguese Adolescents [J] . Isabel Castillo, Ines Tomas, Isabel Balaguer, International Journal of Testing: Official Journal of the International Test Commission . 2010,第1期

机译：体育问卷中的任务和自我取向：西班牙和葡萄牙青少年的测量不变性和潜在均值差异测试
4. A cross-cultural comparison in sound perception between Chinese and Russian students in urban open spaces in China [C] . Serebrennikova Anastasiia, Li Na, Meng Qi, International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering . 2019

机译：中国城市开放空间中俄学生声音感知的跨文化比较
5. Measurement invariance across cultures: A comparison between Chinese adolescents in China and in United States. [D] . Chen, Yu-Ling. 2007

机译：跨文化的度量不变性：中美两国中国青少年的比较。
6. Are comparisons of mental disorders between Chinese and German students possible? An examination of measurement invariance for the PHQ-15 PHQ-9 and GAD-7 [O] . Yan Zhou, Jing Xu, Winfried Rief 2020

机译：是否有可能的熟食学生患有精神障碍的比较？对PHQ-15PHQ-9和GAD-7的测量不变性的检查
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Students' Value Orientations in Contemporary China: Analysis of Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Comparison With Students From Germany and Russia

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