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首页> 外文期刊>Biotechnology Advances: An International Review Journal >Yarrowia lipolytica and pollutants: Interactions and applications
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Yarrowia lipolytica and pollutants: Interactions and applications

机译：解脂耶氏酵母和污染物：相互作用和应用

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Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic, non-pathogenic, ascomycetous yeast species with distinctive physiological features and biochemical characteristics that are significant in environment-related matters. Strains naturally present in soils, sea water, sediments and waste waters have inherent abilities to degrade hydrocarbons such as alkanes (short and medium chain) and aromatic compounds (biphenyl and dibenzofuran). With the application of slow release fertilizers, design of immobilization techniques and development of microbial consortia, scale-up studies and in situ applications have been possible. In general, hydrocarbon uptake in this yeast is mediated by attachment to large droplets (via hydrophobic cell surfaces) or is aided by surfactants and emulsifiers. Subsequently, the internalized hydrocarbons are degraded by relevant enzymes innately present in the yeast. Some wild-type or recombinant strains also detoxify nitroaromatic (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), halogenated (chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons) and organophosphate (methyl parathion) compounds. The yeast can tolerate some metals and detoxify them via different biomolecules. The biomass (unmodified, in combination with sludge, magnetically-modified and in the biofilm form) has been employed in the biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions. Yeast cells have also been applied in protocols related to nanoparticle synthesis. The treatment of oily and solid wastes with this yeast reduces chemical oxygen demand or value-added products (single cell oil, single cell protein, surfactants, organic acids and polyalcohols) are obtained. On account of all these features, the microorganism has established a place for itself and is of considerable value in environment-related applications
机译：解脂耶氏酵母是一种双态，非致病性，子囊酵母，具有独特的生理特征和生化特征，在与环境有关的问题上具有重要意义。自然存在于土壤，海水，沉积物和废水中的菌株具有降解烃的固有能力，例如烷烃（短链和中链）和芳族化合物（联苯和二苯并呋喃）。随着缓释肥料的应用，固定技术的设计和微生物聚生体的发展，扩大规模的研究和原位施用已成为可能。通常，该酵母中的碳氢化合物吸收是通过附着在大液滴上（通过疏水性细胞表面）来介导的，或者是通过表面活性剂和乳化剂的辅助。随后，内在的碳氢化合物被酵母中固有的相关酶降解。一些野生型或重组菌株还可以解毒硝基芳族化合物（2,4,6-三硝基甲苯），卤化（氯化和溴化烃）和有机磷酸酯（甲基对硫磷）化合物。酵母可以耐受某些金属并通过不同的生物分子对它们进行解毒。生物质（未改性，与污泥结合，经磁改性并呈生物膜形式）已用于从水溶液生物吸附六价铬离子。酵母细胞也已经应用于与纳米颗粒合成有关的方案中。用这种酵母处理油性和固体废物可减少化学需氧量或获得增值产品（单细胞油，单细胞蛋白质，表面活性剂，有机酸和多元醇）。由于所有这些特征，微生物为其自身建立了位置，并在与环境有关的应用中具有相当大的价值。

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