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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Avian Biology >Experimental old nest material predicts hoopoe Upupa epops eggshell and uropygial gland microbiota
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Experimental old nest material predicts hoopoe Upupa epops eggshell and uropygial gland microbiota

机译：实验旧巢材料预测徽章Upupa Epops蛋壳和uRibicgial腺体微生物

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摘要

Nest re-use in birds has the potential cost of infection by parasites and pathogens but may also be a source of beneficial symbiotic bacteria transmitted horizontally. Eurasian hoopoes Upupa epops host antibiotic-producing bacteria in their uropygial gland but only while breeding, which suggests that the nest-hole may be a source of those symbionts. Interestingly, hoopoes do not build nests, thus might prefer for reproduction nest holes with soft materials from previous reproductions. Here, we tested experimentally this preference by installing in the field new nest boxes that were left empty or filled with either sawdust or a mixture of sawdust and hoopoe's nest material from the previous year. We explored the experimental effect on the composition of the uropygial secretion bacterial community, on eggshell bacterial loads, and on several proxies of reproductive success. Hoopoes bred significantly more often in nest boxes with nest material than in empty ones, but the type of nest material did not affect nest box occupancy. Eggs in nest boxes with old-soft material harbored higher bacterial density on their shells, and the microbiota of the uropygial secretion of nestlings and females in these nest boxes differed from those in nest boxes without old-soft material. Moreover, although the experiment did not affect breeding success or related proxies, several operational taxonomic units from female uropygial secretions were positively associated with hatching success. This is the first experimental evidence showing that re-used nest material affects the bacterial community of the uropygial secretions of hoopoe females. This suggests that the nest material can be a source of strains for their incorporation to both the uropygial gland and eggshell communities, highlighting a possible advantage of nest re-use previously unconsidered.
机译：Nest在鸟类中重复使用具有寄生虫和病原体感染的潜在成本，但也可能是水平传播的有益共生细菌的源泉。欧亚徽章Upupa Epops在ubropyial腺体中寄宿过抗生素的细菌，但只在繁殖时，这表明巢穴可能是那些共生的源泉。有趣的是，鸦片不构建巢穴，因此可能更喜欢从以前的复制中的软材料再现巢孔。在这里，我们通过安装在现场新的巢箱中进行实验测试，这些套箱留空或填充锯末或锯末和霍普索巢材料的混合物。我们探讨了对蛋壳细菌负荷对植物分泌细菌群落的组成的实验影响，以及在繁殖成功的几个代理上。霍普诺在巢盒中繁多的巢盒比在空的巢箱中繁多，但巢材料的类型没有影响巢箱占用。巢箱中的鸡蛋与旧柔软的材料，在它们的壳体上呈现更高的细菌密度，并且这些巢箱中的巢穴和女性的巢穴分泌的微生物群不同于巢箱中的那些没有旧柔软的材料。此外，虽然实验不影响育种成功或相关代理，但是来自女性遗产分泌物的几个运作分类单位与孵化成功有关。这是第一个实验证据，显示重新使用的巢材料会影响霍普奥女性的副植物分泌物的细菌群落。这表明巢材料可以是其融入栏杆腺和蛋壳社区的避难来源，突出了以前未被判定的巢重复使用的可能优势。

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