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首页> 外文期刊>American Family Physician >Screening for breast cancer: current recommendations and future directions.
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Screening for breast cancer: current recommendations and future directions.

机译：乳腺癌筛查：当前建议和未来方向。

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Breast cancer is one of the most significant health concerns in the United States. Recent reviews have questioned the value of traditional breast cancer screening methods. Breast self-examination has been shown not to improve cancer-specific or all-cause mortality in large studies, but it is commonly advocated as a noninvasive screen. Patients who choose to perform self-examination should be trained in appropriate technique and follow-up. The contribution of the clinical breast examination to early detection is difficult to determine, but studies show that sensitivity is highly dependent on time taken to do the examination. Up to 10 percent of cancers are mammographically silent but evident on clinical breast examination. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends mammography for women older than 40 years who are in good health, but physicians should consider that sensitivity is lower for younger women. Digital mammography is somewhat more sensitive in younger women and women with dense breasts, but outcome studies are lacking. Although magnetic resonance imaging shows promise as a screening tool in some high-risk women, it is not currently recommended for general screening because of high false-positive rates and cost. The American Cancer Society recommends annual magnetic resonance imaging as an adjunct to screening mammography in high-risk women 30 years and older.
机译：乳腺癌是美国最重要的健康问题之一。最近的评论质疑传统乳腺癌筛查方法的价值。在大型研究中，已经表明，乳房自我检查不能提高癌症特异性或全因死亡率，但通常被提倡为无创性检查。选择进行自我检查的患者应接受适当技术和随访的培训。临床乳腺检查对早期发现的贡献很难确定，但研究表明敏感性高度依赖于检查时间。多达10％的癌症在乳房X线检查中无声，但在临床乳房检查中很明显。美国预防服务工作队建议对40岁以上健康状况良好的女性进行乳房X线照相，但医生应考虑到年轻女性的敏感性较低。在年轻女性和乳房密实的女性中，数字化乳腺X射线照相术在某种程度上更为敏感，但缺乏结果研究。尽管磁共振成像显示出有望在某些高风险女性中作为筛查工具，但由于假阳性率高且成本高，目前不建议将其用于一般筛查。美国癌症协会建议年度磁共振成像作为筛查30岁及30岁以上高危女性乳房X线照片的辅助手段。

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