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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Molluscan Studies >Life in wood: preliminary phylogeny of deep-sea wood-boring bivalves (Xylophagaidae), with descriptions of three new genera and one new species
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Life in wood: preliminary phylogeny of deep-sea wood-boring bivalves (Xylophagaidae), with descriptions of three new genera and one new species

机译：木材中的生活：深海木镗蟹植物（Xylophagaidae）的初步文学，具有三种新属和一种新种的描述

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摘要

Xylophagaid bivalves link terrestrial and deep-sea ecosystems by making energy and nutrients from sunken wood available to other animals. They bore into what can be sulphide-rich wood with their valves and digest it using bacterial enzymes. The evolutionary history of the roughly 60 named xylophagaid species remains largely unknown. We sequenced 18S and 28S rDNA genes of 59 specimens from the northeastern Pacific, southwestern Pacific off New Zealand and the Atlantic Ocean. We analysed these together with data from GenBank (thus increasing the species represented by sequences from 7 to 22) using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to reconstruct the group's phylogeny. Newly discovered taxa are: Spiniapex gilsonorum n. gen., n. sp.; Feaya n. gen. (for Xylopholas dostwous) and Abditoconus n. gen. (for X. heterosiphon, X. anselli and X. brava that share a two-parted siphon and a periostracal cone). Specimens of Xyloredo from New Zealand, Brazil, the Gulf of Mexico and California USA are a single species. The genus Xylopholas is not unequivocally monophyletic; the presence/absence of a faecal mass in the distal intestine is the most conspicuous difference between the species included. The mesoplax (paired calcified plates over the anterior adductor) evolved convergently in two distinct clades assigned to the genus Xylophaga, which is not monophyletic. All clades represented by at least four taxa occur in every geographic area included. Rather than evolving to exploit sulphide associated with wood falls, xylophagaids may have evolved protection from it. This is indicated by the fact that in four clades, a thick periostracum covers the siphons that extend through the wood, while packed faecal pellets surround the siphons in one subclade, perhaps providing a physical barrier. In only one clade are fleshy siphons exposed to the wood.
机译：木糖缔性双向北面和深海生态系统，通过从其他动物提供的沉没木材的能量和营养素。他们将富含硫化物的木材与它们的阀门一起钻入什么，并使用细菌酶消化它。大约60名命名的木糖物种的进化历史仍然很大程度上是未知的。从新西兰和大西洋的东北太平洋，西南太平洋和大西洋排序，59个标本的18岁和28秒的rdna基因。我们将这些与来自Genbank的数据一起分析（从而使用最大可能性和贝叶斯推断从7至22增加序列表示的物种来重建该组的系统发育。新发现的分类群是：SpiniaPex Gilsonorum n。 Gen。，ñ。 sp .; feaya n。 Gen。 （对于木质醇笨拙）和Abditoconus n。 Gen。 （对于X. heterosiphon，X.Anselli和X. Brava，分享一个双重虹吸和幽灵状锥）。墨西哥湾新西兰的Xyloredo标本来自墨西哥湾和加利福尼亚州美国是单一物种。 Xylopholas属不是明确的单胞内的;远端肠中粪便质量的存在/不存在是所包括物种之间最显着的差异。在分配给Xylophaga属的两个不同的曲线中，中胚（前一个收集器上的成对钙化板）在分配给Xylophaga属的两个不同的曲线中趋于演变。所有由至少四种分类群代表的片断都发生在每个地理区域中。木质蛋白的表现可能已经进化保护，而不是切换出利用与木头跌落相关的硫化物。这表明了这一事实：在四个片状中，厚厚的哔哔声覆盖穿过木材的虹吸件，而粪便粪便颗粒在一个亚洲围绕着虹吸管，也许提供物理障碍。只有一个思工，肉质虹吸管暴露在木头上。

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