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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Pathology: Journal of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland >Integration of microbiology, molecular pathology, and epidemiology: a new paradigm to explore the pathogenesis of microbiome‐driven neoplasms
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Integration of microbiology, molecular pathology, and epidemiology: a new paradigm to explore the pathogenesis of microbiome‐driven neoplasms

机译：微生物学，分子病理学和流行病学的整合：一种探索微生物组驱动肿瘤发病机制的新范式

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Abstract Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative transdisciplinary field that addresses heterogeneous effects of exogenous and endogenous factors (collectively termed ‘exposures’), including microorganisms, on disease occurrence and consequences, utilising molecular pathological signatures of the disease. In parallel with the paradigm of precision medicine, findings from MPE research can provide aetiological insights into tailored strategies of disease prevention and treatment. Due to the availability of molecular pathological tests on tumours, the MPE approach has been utilised predominantly in research on cancers including breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiome (inclusive of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) plays an important role in a variety of human diseases including neoplasms. An alteration of the microbiome may be not only a cause of neoplasia but also an informative biomarker that indicates or mediates the association of an epidemiological exposure with health conditions and outcomes. To adequately educate and train investigators in this emerging area, we herein propose the integration of microbiology into the MPE model (termed ‘microbiology‐MPE’), which could improve our understanding of the complex interactions of environment, tumour cells, the immune system, and microbes in the tumour microenvironment during the carcinogenic process. Using this approach, we can examine how lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, medications, environmental exposures, and germline genetics influence cancer development and progression through impacting the microbial communities in the human body. Further integration of other disciplines (e.g. pharmacology, immunology, nutrition) into microbiology‐MPE would expand this developing research frontier. With the advent of high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing technologies, researchers now have increasing access to large‐scale metagenomics as well as other omics data (e.g. genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in population‐based research. The integrative field of microbiology‐MPE will open new opportunities for personalised medicine and public health. Copyright ? 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：摘要分子病理流行病学（MPE）是一种综合的跨性思考领域，用于解决外源性和内源性因素的异质效果（统称为“暴露”），包括微生物，用于疾病发生和后果，利用疾病的分子病理签名。与精密药的范例平行，来自MPE研究的结果可以提供安全的疾病预防和治疗策略的真实洞察。由于对肿瘤的分子病理测试的可用性，MPE方法主要用于癌症，包括乳腺癌，肺，前列腺和结肠癌癌的研究。安装证据表明微生物组（包括病毒，细菌，真菌和寄生虫）在各种人类疾病中起重要作用。微生物组的改变不仅可能是肿瘤的原因，而且是一种信息性的生物标志物，其表明或介导流行病学暴露与健康状况和结果的关联。为了充分教育和培训该新兴地区的调查人员，我们在此提出了微生物学将微生物学的整合到MPE模型中（称为“微生物学-MPE”），这可以改善我们对环境，肿瘤细胞，免疫系统的复杂相互作用的理解，在致癌过程中肿瘤微环境中的微生物。使用这种方法，我们可以检查生活方式因素，膳食模式，药物，环境暴露和种系遗传如何影响癌症的发展和进展，通过影响人体中的微生物群落。进一步整合其他学科（例如药理，免疫学，营养）进入微生物学 - MPE将扩大这一发展研究前沿。随着高吞吐量下一代测序技术的出现，研究人员现在在基于人口的研究中越来越多地获得大规模的Metagenomics以及其他OMICS数据（例如基因组学，表观症，蛋白质组学，蛋白质组学，蛋白质组学学）。 Microbiology-MPE的综合领域将为个性化医学和公共卫生开辟新的机会。版权？ 2019年英国和爱尔兰病理学协会。 John Wiley＆amp出版; SONS，LTD.

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