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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Rural Studies >Rural transformation in central Myanmar: By how much, and for whom?
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Rural transformation in central Myanmar: By how much, and for whom?

机译：缅甸中部的农村转型：达到多少，以及谁？

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摘要

Rural Southeast Asia is undergoing a series profound changes, often referred to as 'rural transformation', but recent research is divided as to whether rural transformation is underway in Myanmar. This paper addresses two empirical questions. (1) Is rural transformation taking place in Myanmar? (2) How has rural transformation affected the welfare of rural households in Myanmar's Central Dry Zone? We find evidence of significant rural transformation happening in the Dry Zone. The following features stand out: First, there has been a shift in relative economic status and power between landholders and the landless, in favor of the latter. This rebalancing has occurred mainly due to rising rural wages linked to rapid migration to urban areas. Second, widespread agricultural mechanization has taken place over the same period as migration. However, despite generating some labor savings for farm households, the labor productivity boosting effects of farm machinery appear to have produced insufficient gains to offset the effects of rural wage increases. Third, migration appears to offer the prospect of greater social and economic mobility to landless and marginal farm households. For all groups of households, including the landless, remittance incomes have more than offset income earning opportunities lost in agriculture due to mechanization. Fourth, landownership patterns, gender relations, and the extent of agricultural commercialization all appear largely unaffected by these changes..
机译：农村东南亚正在进行一系列深刻的变化，通常被称为“农村转型”，但最近的研究分为缅甸是否正在进行农村转型。本文涉及两个实证问题。 （1）是缅甸的农村转型吗？ （2）农村转型如何影响缅甸中央干旱区农村家庭的福利？我们发现干燥区发生了大量农村转型的证据。以下特点脱颖而出：首先，土地居人与土着之间的相对经济地位和权力转变，有利于后者。这种重新平衡主要是由于农村工资上升与城市地区的快速移徙相关的崛起。其次，广泛的农业机械化在与移民相同的时间内发生。然而，尽管为农户产生了一些劳动力储蓄，但农业机械的劳动生产率提升效果似乎产生了不足的收益来抵消农村工资的影响。第三，迁移似乎为着内部社会和经济流动性的前景，对无土地和边缘农场家庭。对于所有家庭群体，包括土地，汇款收入的抵消收入机会因机械化而损失的收入机会。第四，土地所有权模式，性别关系以及农业商业化程度均主要呈现出这些变化的影响。

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