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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >Secondary Ice Formation during Freezing of Levitated Droplet
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Secondary Ice Formation during Freezing of Levitated Droplet

机译：悬浮液滴冻结过程中的二次冰形成

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摘要

The formation of secondary ice in clouds, that is, ice particles that are created at temperatures above the limit for homogeneous freezing without the direct involvement of a heterogeneous ice nucleus, is one of the longest-standing puzzles in cloud physics. Here, we present comprehensive laboratory investigations on the formation of small ice particles upon the freezing of drizzle-sized cloud droplets levitated in an electrodynamic balance. Four different categories of secondary ice formation (bubble bursting, jetting, cracking, and breakup) could be detected, and their respective frequencies of occurrence as a function of temperature and droplet size are given. We find that bubble bursting occurs more often than droplet splitting. While we do not observe the shattering of droplets into many large fragments, we find that the average number of small secondary ice particles released during freezing is strongly dependent on droplet size and may well exceed unity for droplets larger than 300 mu m in diameter. This leaves droplet fragmentation as an important secondary ice process effective at temperatures around -10 degrees C in clouds where large drizzle droplets are present.
机译：在云中形成二次冰，即在高于均相冷冻的温度下产生的冰颗粒，而不会直接参与异质冰核，是云物理学中最长的谜题之一。在这里，我们在冻结在电动力学平衡中悬浮的毛毛雨大小的云液滴时，对小型冰颗粒的形成进行了全面的实验室研究。可以检测四种不同类别的二次冰形成（气泡爆破，喷射，开裂和分发），并给出了作为温度和液滴尺寸的函数的各自发生频率。我们发现泡沫破裂通常比液滴分裂更频繁。虽然我们不观察到液滴的碎片变成许多大碎片，但我们发现在冻结期间释放的小型二级冰颗粒的平均数量强烈地取决于液滴尺寸，并且可能在直径大于300μm的液滴的液滴超过统一。这使得液滴碎片作为重要的二级冰工艺，其在大约10摄氏度下的温度下有效，其中存在大的毛毛雨液滴的云。

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    Lauber Annika; Kiselev Alexei; Pander Thomas; Handmann Patricia; Leisner Thomas;

  • 作者单位

    Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Meteorol &

    Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res Karlsruhe Germany;

    Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Meteorol &

    Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res Karlsruhe Germany;

    Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Meteorol &

    Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res Karlsruhe Germany;

    Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Meteorol &

    Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res Karlsruhe Germany;

    Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Meteorol &

    Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res Karlsruhe Germany;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 大气科学（气象学）;
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