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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of seismology >Earthquake induced liquefaction hazard, probability and risk assessment in the city of Kolkata, India: its historical perspective and deterministic scenario
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Earthquake induced liquefaction hazard, probability and risk assessment in the city of Kolkata, India: its historical perspective and deterministic scenario

机译：地震诱导液化危害，印度加尔各答市的液化危害，概率和风险评估：其历史视角和确定性方案

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Abstract Liquefaction-induced ground failure is one amongst the leading causes of infrastructure damage due to the impact of large earthquakes in unconsolidated, non-cohesive, water saturated alluvial terrains. The city of Kolkata is located on the potentially liquefiable alluvial fan deposits of Ganga-Bramhaputra-Meghna Delta system with subsurface litho-stratigraphic sequence comprising of varying percentages of clay, cohesionless silt, sand, and gravel interbedded with decomposed wood and peat. Additionally, the region has moderately shallow groundwater condition especially in the post-monsoon seasons. In view of burgeoning population, there had been unplanned expansion of settlements in the hazardous geological, geomorphological, and hydrological conditions exposing the city to severe liquefaction hazard. The 1897 Shillong and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquakes both of M ~(w)8.1 reportedly induced Modified Mercalli Intensity of IV–V and VI–VII respectively in the city reportedly triggering widespread to sporadic liquefaction condition with surface manifestation of sand boils, lateral spreading, ground subsidence, etc., thus posing a strong case for liquefaction potential analysis in the terrain. With the motivation of assessing seismic hazard, vulnerability, and risk of the city of Kolkata through a consorted federal funding stipulated for all the metros and upstart urban centers in India located in BIS seismic zones III, IV, and V with population more than one million, an attempt has been made here to understand the liquefaction susceptibility condition of Kolkata under the impact of earthquake loading employing modern multivariate techniques and also to predict deterministic liquefaction scenario of the city in the event of a probabilistic seismic hazard condition with 10% probability of exceedance in 50?years and a return period of 475?years. We conducted in-depth geophysical and geotechnical investigations in the city encompassing 435?km_(2)area. The stochastica
机译：摘要液化诱导的地面失败是基础设施损坏引起的主要原因，因为大地震在未溶解，非粘性，水饱和的冲积地带的影响因素造成的主要原因。 Kolkata市位于恒大的Litho-Meghna Delta系统的潜在液化的冲积风扇沉积物，其具有地下的Litho-stratigraphaphic序列，包括不同百分比的粘土，粘性淤泥，沙子和砾石与分解木材和泥炭粘合。此外，该地区具有适度浅地下水条件，特别是在季风季节。鉴于蓬勃发展的人口，危险地质，地貌和水文条件下的定居点已经意外扩张，使城市暴露于严重的液化危害。据报道，1897 Shillong和1934年的Bihar-Nepal地震M〜（W）8.1分别诱导了IV-V和VI-VII的修正梅卡利强度，据报道，致散散液化条件与沙子沸腾的表面表现，横向扩散，地面沉降等，从而对地形液化潜在分析构成了强烈的案例。随着在印度所有Metros和Upstart Undence III，IV和v的BIS地震区III，IV和v的BIS遭受超过一百万此后，已经尝试了解在发生现代多元技术的地震载荷的影响下，了解加尔各答的液化易感性条件，并在概率的地震危险条件下预测城市的确定性液化方案，其超标概率10％在50？年份和返回期限为475？年。我们在城市进行了深入的地球物理和岩土工程，包括435 km_（2）地区。随机地点

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