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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Part A >Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Portuguese educational settings: a comparison between preschools and elementary schools
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Portuguese educational settings: a comparison between preschools and elementary schools

机译：葡萄牙教育环境中的多环芳烃（PAH）：学前班和小学之间的比较

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ABSTRACT, The aim of this study was to determine levels and risks due to inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in different educational settings, namely for 3- to 5- year-old and 6- to 10-year-old children. Eighteen PAH (16 priority designated by US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[j]fluoranthene) were simultaneously collected in indoor and outdoor air at two Portuguese preschools (PS1-PS2) and five elementary schools (ES1-ES5) from March to May 2014. Indoor concentrations at PS and ES were significantly different, with total levels (IPAHs) 0.721-15.9 ng/m3 at PS1-PS2 and 5.03-23.6 ng/m3 at ES1-ES5. The corresponding outdoor concentrations were, respectively, 1.22-32.7 ng/m3 and 2.6-31.5 ng/m3. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 2-3 aromatic rings were predominantly emitted by indoor sources, while compounds with 4-6 aromatic rings were mainly generated by infiltration of ambient PAH pollution to indoors. Excess lifetime risks of lung cancer exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) designated guideline of 10 -5in both types of schools (15-42-fold at PS; 15-52-fold at ES). However, total (sum of indoor and outdoor exposure) incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) were below the USEPA level of 10 -6 at all studied institutions and thus considered negligible. Finally, ILCR due to indoor exposure represented 60-75% and 70-85% of the total ILCR at PS and ES, respectively, thus indicating the need for development and implementation of indoor air quality guidelines in educations settings
机译：摘要，本研究的目的是确定不同教育环境中对多环芳烃（PAH）的吸入暴露的水平和风险，即3至5岁和6至10岁的儿童。同时收集在两个葡萄牙学前班（PS1-PS2）和五所小学的室内和室外空气中同时收集在室内和室外空气中的16个PAH（由美国环境保护局（USEPA）和Dibenzo [A，L]芘和苯霉） （ES1-ES5）从3月到2014年5月。PS和ES的室内浓度显着不同，在ES1-ES5的PS1-PS2和5.03-23.6ng / m 3处的总水平（IPAH）。相应的室外浓度分别为1.22-32.7 ng / m 3和2.6-31.5ng / m 3。具有2-3个芳环的多环芳烃主要由室内来源发出，而具有4-6个芳环的化合物主要通过渗透到室内环境PAH污染而产生。过度的肺癌终身风险超过了世界卫生组织（世卫组织）指定的指定指南，两种类型的学校（PS为15-52倍）。然而，总共（室内和户外暴露的总和）增量寿命癌症风险（ILCR）低于所有研究的机构的USPA水平，因此认为可以忽略不计。最后，由于室内暴露的ILCR分别表示PS和ES的总ILCR的60-75％和70-85％，因此表明需要在教育环境中开发和实施室内空气质量指南

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