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首页> 外文期刊>Journal Of The South African Institute Of Mining & Metallurgy >A step towards combating rockburst damage by using sacrificial support
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A step towards combating rockburst damage by using sacrificial support

机译：通过使用牺牲支撑来解决摇滚骨损伤的一步

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Rockbursts continue to be a major contributor to mine accidents and cause of damage to mine excavations, particularly at great depth. The problem of rockbursts has also escalated in civil engineering tunnels driven at depth, due to high levels of in situ stress at such depths. Attempts have been made in the past to mitigate the impact of rockbursts, with rock support remaining the ultimate method for providing stability in rockbursting environments. However, records show that, on many occasions, conven tional support elements such as rockbolts, wire mesh, shotcrete, and lacing fail to withstand severe rockburst events. Recently, a support method termed 'sacrificial' support was proposed as a potential additional method to prevent rockburst damage, based on observations made after rockburst events in a mine. The philosophy behind a sacrificial support system is that, under dynamic loading conditions, support in the form of a liner must fail; leaving behind, undamaged, what was previously supported rock mass. The sacrificial support concept reported herein is applicable in situations where the source (i.e. seismic event) of the rockburst is located remote from where rockburst damage is likely to occur. Spalling tests based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique were conducted to study some aspects of dynamic rock fracturing in tension at high strain rates and the role a sacrificial layer plays in combating dynamic rock failure. A single Hopkinson pressure bar, with a long cylindrical intact rock specimen attached at the bar free end, was impacted by a striker on the opposite free end in order to generate a dynamic stress pulse responsible for spall failure upon reflection from the specimen free end. Different liners and liner combinations were then introduced at the specimen free end as support. Such a simple, yet robust, experimental set-up allowed the potential benefits and failure mechanisms associated with sacrificial support under dynamic loading to be demonstrated and compared with 'sacrificial support' behaviour observed in real rockburst events in a mine. Analysis of the results revealed that varying liner thickness and mechanical impedance between rock and support liner play a significant role in Umiting rockburst damage.
机译：洛克布斯特继续成为矿山事故的主要贡献者以及矿井挖掘造成损害的原因，特别是在深处。由于这种深度的高水平原位应力，在深度驱动的土木工程隧道中也升级了摇滚乐的问题。过去已经尝试过摇滚笨蛋的影响，岩石支持仍然是摇滚防爆环境中稳定性的最终方法。然而，记录表明，在很多场合，驾驶闩锁，金属丝网，喷射器和系带等常规支撑元件未能承受严重的岩石事件。最近，提出了一种被称为“牺牲”支持的支持方法作为防止岩爆损害的潜在额外方法，基于矿井中的摇滚乐事件发生后的观察。牺牲支持系统背后的哲学是，在动态装载条件下，衬里形式的支持必须失败;留下后，未遭受，以前支持的岩石质量。本文报告的牺牲支助概念适用于岩爆的源（即地震事件）的情况，从岩爆损坏可能发生的地方。进行了基于分裂霍普金森压力棒（SHPB）技术的剥落试验，以研究高应变率下张力下张力下压裂的一些方面，牺牲层在打击动态岩石破坏中的作用。单升起的圆柱形压力棒，带有长的圆柱形完整岩石样品，在杆自由端上受到撞击器的冲击器撞击，以产生负责的动态应力脉冲，该脉冲因来自样品自由端的反射而导致突出的失效。然后将不同的衬里和衬垫组合作为支撑件在标本自由端引入。这种简单但又坚固的实验设置允许在动态载荷下与牺牲支撑有关的潜在益处和失败机制，并与矿井中真正的摇滚乐事件中观察到的“牺牲支援”行为进行了比较。结果分析显示，在岩石和支撑衬垫之间的不同衬里厚度和机械阻抗在UMITING岩爆损伤中起着重要作用。

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