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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physical Anthropology >Isotopic Evidence for Divergent Diets and Mobility Patterns in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile, During the Late Intermediate Period (AD 900-1450)
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Isotopic Evidence for Divergent Diets and Mobility Patterns in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile, During the Late Intermediate Period (AD 900-1450)

机译：中期晚期智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠不同饮食和活动方式的同位素证据（公元900-1450年）

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The decline of the Tiwanaku state saw the emergence of two new culturesPica-Tarapaca and Atacamaduring the Late Intermediate Period in northern Chile. Archeological evidence suggests that both groups practised maize agriculture and pastoralism, but that their interaction zones differed significantly. Marine resources are common at Pica-Tarapaca sites, even those far from coast, while Atacama sites in the desert oases and precordilleran area seem to have directed their networks towards the highlands. Here we apply stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope analysis on human bone and enamel to test dietary patterns and residential mobility at two sites, Pica 8 and Quitor 6, representing the Pica-Tarapaca and Atacama cultures, respectively. Our results show that diet at the two sites indeed differed: significant but variable consumption of marine resources and maize is indicated at Pica 8, despite being an inland site, while diet at Quitor 6 was based mainly on terrestrial resources. The use of seabird guano and llama dung as fertilizers and extreme aridity may have contributed to the high nitrogen isotope values observed in Pica 8 humans. The O-18 values in Pica 8 individuals are generally lower than for Quitor in spite of its greater distance from the Andes. All three isotopes suggest the presence of at least five nonlocals in the 30 measured at Pica 8. This evidence for human mobility is consistent with the high levels of trade and interaction observed in the archeological record, and begins to quantify the degree of movement of specific individuals. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:374-387, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
机译：蒂瓦纳库（Tiwanaku）州的衰落见证了智利北部中后期晚期出现的两种新文化：皮卡塔拉帕卡（Pica-Tarapaca）和阿塔卡玛德（Atacamadmading）。考古证据表明，这两个群体都从事玉米农业和畜牧业，但它们的相互作用区域差异很大。海洋资源在皮卡塔拉帕卡（Pica-Tarapaca）站点很常见，甚至是那些远离海岸的站点，而沙漠绿洲和前太平洋地区的阿塔卡马（Atacama）站点似乎已将其网络导向高地。在这里，我们对人的骨骼和牙釉质进行了稳定的碳，氮和氧同位素分析，以测试分别代表Pica-Tarapaca和Atacama文化的两个地点Pica 8和Quitor 6的饮食模式和居住流动性。我们的结果表明，这两个地点的饮食确实存在差异：尽管是内陆地点，但在Pica 8却显示出大量但可变的海洋资源和玉米消耗，而Quitor 6的饮食主要基于陆地资源。使用海鸟鸟粪和美洲驼粪作为肥料和极度干旱可能导致了在Pica 8人类中观察到的高氮同位素值。尽管Pica 8个体与安第斯山脉的距离较大，但O-18值通常比Quitor更低。所有这三种同位素都表明在Pica 8处测得的30种同位素中至少有5种是非本地分子。这种人类活动的证据与考古记录中观察到的高水平贸易和相互作用相一致，并开始量化特定分子的运动程度个人。 Am J Phys Anthropol 156：374-387，2015年。（c）2014 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.

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