...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Biotechnology Advances: An International Review Journal >Metagenomics: Probing pollutant fate in natural and engineered ecosystems
【24h】

Metagenomics: Probing pollutant fate in natural and engineered ecosystems

机译：元基因组学：探索自然和工程生态系统中的污染物命运

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Polluted environments are a reservoir of microbial species able to degrade or to convert pollutants to harmless compounds. The proper management of microbial resources requires a comprehensive characterization of their genetic pool to assess the fate of contaminants and increase the efficiency of bioremediation processes. Metagenomics offers appropriate tools to describe microbial communities in their whole complexity without lab-based cultivation of individual strains. After a decade of use of metagenomics to study microbiomes, the scientific community has made significant progress in this field. In this review, we survey the main steps of metagenomics applied to environments contaminated with organic compounds or heavy metals. We emphasize technical solutions proposed to overcome encountered obstacles. We then compare two metagenomic approaches, i.e. library-based targeted metagenomics and direct sequencing of metagenomes. In the former, environmental DNA is cloned inside a host, and then clones of interest are selected based on (i) their expression of biodegradative functions or (ii) sequence homology with probes and primers designed from relevant, already known sequences. The highest score for the discovery of novel genes and degradation pathways has been achieved so far by functional screening of large clone libraries. On the other hand, direct sequencing of metagenomes without a cloning step has been more often applied to polluted environments for characterization of the taxonomic and functional composition of microbial communities and their dynamics. In this case, the analysis has focused on 16S rRNA genes and marker genes of biodegradation. Advances in next generation sequencing and in bioinformatic analysis of sequencing data have opened up new opportunities for assessing the potential of biodegradation by microbes, but annotation of collected genes is still hampered by a limited number of available reference sequences in databases. Although metagenomics is still facing technical and computational challenges, our review of the recent literature highlights its value as an aid to efficiently monitor the clean-up of contaminated environments and develop successful strategies to mitigate the impact of pollutants on ecosystems. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：污染的环境是能够降解或将污染物转化为无害化合物的微生物物种的库。正确管理微生物资源需要对其遗传库进行全面表征，以评估污染物的命运并提高生物修复过程的效率。元基因组学提供了合适的工具来描述整个微生物群落的复杂性，而无需实验室对单个菌株进行培养。在使用宏基因组学研究微生物组十年后，科学界在该领域取得了重大进展。在这篇评论中，我们调查了宏基因组学应用于有机化合物或重金属污染的环境的主要步骤。我们强调为克服遇到的障碍而提出的技术解决方案。然后我们比较了两种宏基因组学方法，即基于库的靶向宏基因组学和元基因组的直接测序。在前者中，将环境DNA克隆到宿主内部，然后根据以下条件选择目标克隆：（i）它们的生物降解功能表达或（ii）与从相关的已知序列设计的探针和引物的序列同源性。迄今为止，通过对大型克隆文库进行功能筛选，已获得了发现新基因和降解途径的最高分。另一方面，无需克隆步骤就可以直接对元基因组进行直接测序，用于污染环境，以表征微生物群落的分类和功能组成及其动力学。在这种情况下，分析集中在16S rRNA基因和生物降解标记基因上。下一代测序和测序数据的生物信息学分析方面的进展为评估微生物降解生物的潜力提供了新的机会，但是数据库中有限数量的可用参考序列仍然阻碍了收集基因的注释。尽管宏基因组学仍面临技术和计算方面的挑战，但我们对最新文献的评论强调了其价值，可以有效监测污染环境的清理并制定成功的策略来减轻污染物对生态系统的影响。 （C）2016 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号