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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of primatology >Human-Animal Relationships in Zoo-Housed Orangutans (P. abelii) and Gorillas (G. g. gorilla): The Effects of Familiarity
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Human-Animal Relationships in Zoo-Housed Orangutans (P. abelii) and Gorillas (G. g. gorilla): The Effects of Familiarity

机译：动物园饲养的猩猩（P. abelii）和大猩猩（G. g。gorilla）中的人与动物关系：熟悉的影响

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I examined human-animal relationships (HARs) in zoo-housed orangutans (Pongo abelii) and gorillas(Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to see if they followed patterns similar to conspecific relationships in great apes and humans. Familiarity and social relationships guide humans' and great apes' behaviors with conspecifics. Inter-individual relationships, based on shared social history, and "generalized" relationships, based on a history of interactions with relevant classes of individuals, guide behavior with familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics, respectively. I examined whether both familiarity and social relationships similarly guides great apes' cross-species interactions with humans. I used repeated measures MANOVA to compare hourly rates and average durations of ape-initiated human-directed behaviors(HDBs) between familiar and unfamiliar humans and between great ape species. HDB patterns were consistent with familiarity-based HAR predictions, indicating more negative relationships with unfamiliar humans and more positive relationships with familiar humans. Findings for unfamiliar humans are consistent with negative effects of humans on apes' behavior reported in traditional visitor effect studies (VES). However, findings for familiar humans may be overlooked in VES due to pooling across levels of human familiarity or failure to consider humans other than primarily unfamiliar visitors. Additionally, species differences in apes' HDBs suggest that data pooling across species, common in many zoo studies, may mask important differences. These findings have important methodological implications for studies of human-animal interaction as well as for captive animal wellbeing.
机译：我检查了在动物园饲养的猩猩（Pongo abelii）和大猩猩（Gorilla gorilla gorilla）中的人兽关系（HAR），以了解它们是否遵循与大猿猴和人的同种关系相似的模式。熟悉和社交关系以特定的方式指导人类和大猿猴的行为。基于共享的社会历史的个人间关系以及基于与相关个人类别的互动历史的“广义”关系，分别以熟悉和不熟悉的特定事物指导行为。我检查了熟悉度和社交关系是否同样能指导大猿猴跨物种与人类的互动。我使用重复测量MANOVA来比较熟悉和不熟悉的人类之间以及伟大的猿猴物种之间由猿类引起的人类指导行为（HDB）的每小时速率和平均持续时间。 HDB模式与基于熟悉度的HAR预测一致，表明与陌生人之间的负面关系更多，与陌生人之间的正面关系更为积极。对于不熟悉的人类的发现与传统访客效应研究（VES）中报道的人类对猿猴行为的负面影响是一致的。但是，由于人们之间的熟悉程度不同，或者除了主要不熟悉的访问者之外，没有考虑其他人，因此在VES中对于熟悉的人的发现可能会被忽略。此外，猿类HDB中的物种差异表明，在许多动物园研究中常见的跨物种数据汇总可能掩盖了重要差异。这些发现对人类与动物之间的相互作用以及圈养动物的福祉具有重要的方法学意义。

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