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Prevalence of allergy, patterns of allergic sensitization and allergy risk factors in rural and urban children.

机译：农村和城市儿童的过敏症患病率，过敏致敏模式和过敏危险因素。

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Background: We aimed to compare the prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in children living in urban and rural areas and to identify potential risk/protection factors associated with allergy. Methods: School children 12-16 years old, from urban community (n = 201) and rural area (n = 203) were recruited. The data obtained by questionnaire were referred to doctors' diagnosis, skin prick tests (SPTs), and serum specific and total IgE assessment. Results: The prevalence of allergic diseases in urban children was significantly higher as compared with rural children [asthma 16.42%vs 1.97% (P < 0.001) allergic rhinitis 38.81%vs 10.84% (P < 0.001)]. Positive SPTs to at least one allergen was found in 63.7% of urban and 22.7% rural children (P < 0.001). Significantly higher percentage of allergic rural than urban children were monosensitized or sensitized to 2-4 allergens, but almost a fourfold higher percentage of allergic urban children was found to be sensitized to five or more allergens (P < 0.0001). The history of frequent upper respiratory factor (URT) infections, antibiotic therapy, tonsiltectomy/adenoidectomy were positively associated with development of atopy and sensitization. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that residence of rural area is associated with a significant lower prevalence of allergic sensitization and symptoms in school children. Several risk and protective factors related to environment and style of life could be identified in both environments.
机译：背景：我们旨在比较城市和农村地区儿童过敏性疾病的患病率和致敏性，并确定与过敏相关的潜在风险/保护因素。方法：招募来自城市社区（n = 201）和农村地区（n = 203）的12-16岁的小学生。通过问卷调查获得的数据用于医生的诊断，皮肤点刺试验（SPT）以及血清特异性和总IgE评估。结果：城市儿童的过敏性疾病患病率明显高于农村儿童[哮喘的16.42％vs 1.97％（P <0.001）过敏性鼻炎38.81％vs 10.84％（P <0.001）]。在63.7％的城市儿童和22.7％的农村儿童中发现至少一种过敏原的SPT阳性（P <0.001）。对城市过敏儿童的单敏或对2-4种过敏原敏感的比例明显高于城市儿童，但对五种或更多种过敏原敏感的城市过敏儿童的比例几乎高出四倍（P <0.0001）。频繁的上呼吸道感染（URT）感染，抗生素治疗，扁桃体切除术/腺样体切除术的病史与特应性疾病和致敏性正相关。结论：我们的研究结果证实，农村地区的居住与学龄儿童过敏性致敏性和症状的患病率显着降低有关。在两种环境中都可以发现与环境和生活方式有关的几种风险和保护因素。

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