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Asthma severity in childhood and metabolomic profiling of breath condensate

机译：儿童期哮喘严重程度和呼吸道凝结物的代谢组学分析

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Background Asthma is a heterogeneous disease and its different phenotypes need to be better characterized from a biochemical-inflammatory standpoint. This study aimed to apply the metabolomic approach to exhaled breath condensate (breathomics) to discriminate different asthma phenotypes, with a particular focus on severe asthma in children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 42 asthmatic children (age, 8-17 years): 31 with nonsevere asthma (treated with inhaled steroids or not) and 11 with severe asthma. Fifteen healthy children were enrolled as controls. Children performed exhaled nitric oxide measurement, spirometry, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection. Condensate samples were analyzed using a metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometry. Results A robust Bidirectional-Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (O2PLS-DA) model was found for discriminating both between severe asthma cases and healthy controls (R2 = 0.93; Q2 = 0.75) and between severe asthma and nonsevere asthma (R 2 = 0.84; Q2 = 0.47). The metabolomic data analysis leads to a robust model also when the 3 groups of children were considered altogether (K = 0.80), indicating that each group is characterized by a specific metabolomic profile. Compounds related to retinoic acid, adenosine and vitamin D (Human Metabolome Database) were relevant for the discrimination between groups. Conclusion The metabolomic profiling of EBC could clearly distinguish different biochemical-metabolic profiles in asthmatic children and enabled the severe asthma phenotype to be fully discriminated. The breathomics approach may therefore be suitable for discriminating between different asthma metabolic phenotypes.
机译：背景技术哮喘是一种异质性疾病，从生化炎症的角度出发，需要更好地表征其不同的表型。这项研究旨在将代谢组学方法应用于呼出气凝结物（大同性恋），以区分不同的哮喘表型，特别关注儿童的严重哮喘。方法在这项横断面研究中，我们招募了42名哮喘儿童（8-17岁）：31名患有非严重哮喘（是否接受吸入类固醇治疗）和11名患有严重哮喘的儿童。纳入十五名健康儿童作为对照。儿童进行呼出气一氧化氮测量，肺活量测定，呼出气冷凝物（EBC）采集。使用基于质谱的代谢组学方法分析冷凝物样品。结果发现了一种强大的双向正交投影到潜在结构判别分析（O2PLS-DA）模型，用于区分严重哮喘病例和健康对照（R2 = 0.93; Q2 = 0.75）以及严重哮喘和非严重哮喘（R 2） = 0.84; Q2 = 0.47）。当将3组儿童一起考虑时（K = 0.80），代谢组学数据分析也得出了一个健壮的模型，表明每个组的特征都是特定的代谢组学特征。与视黄酸，腺苷和维生素D有关的化合物（人类代谢组数据库）与区分组有关。结论EBC的代谢组学谱可清楚地区分哮喘儿童的不同生化代谢谱，并能充分区分严重哮喘的表型。因此，呼吸组学方法可能适用于区分不同的哮喘代谢表型。

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