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首页> 外文期刊>藥學雜誌 >Novel approach to respiratory pharmacology--pharmacological basis of cough, sputum and airway clearance
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Novel approach to respiratory pharmacology--pharmacological basis of cough, sputum and airway clearance

机译：呼吸药理学的新方法 - 咳嗽，痰和气道清关的药理基础

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摘要

Disturbance of the normal mucociliary clearance due to hyperproduction of mucus and modification of its physicochemical characteristics is a common finding in airway diseases. Drugs that affect airway secretion have been developed and used to cleanse the respiratory tract for many centuries and in many countries. On the basis of the mechanism of their actions, the mucoactive drugs are classified into several groups. Some mucoactive drugs have direct effects on the production or composition of airway secretions, resulting in increased effectiveness of mucociliary clearance. Other mucoactive drugs do not have a specific action on mucus, but have beneficial effects on airway structure and function, which lead to correction of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that result in abnormal secretions. However, since many drugs have overlapping effects, it is difficult to classify these drugs into groups based on their major actions. Taken together with previous findings on mucoactive drugs, it appears that an antioxidant effect is a common property of mucoactive drugs and that it is a crucial action to exert their effects against airway diseases. In light of this idea, we must use specific experimental models to simulate pharmacologic events in airway inflammation. The development of new techniques has made it possible to identify and measure the mucus components, measure the rheologic parameters more accurately, and evaluate mucociliary clearance precisely in animals and humans. Therefore, with modifications of methods, we have investigated airway-cleansing drugs from various points of view to reflect actions in inflammatory states for more than two decades. Here, I introduce the methods we have used to study many of the parameters involved in airway clearance, including cough reflex, and describe some of the mucoactive-antitussive drugs that we have studied recently. There is an increasing usage of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in clinics and hospitals, because they tend to have moderate side effects and sometimes remarkable efficacy. To renormalize overall defects in airway disorders, Chinese medicines may be adequate, because they are composed of various herbs with weak but ubiquitous pharmacologic activities. We have been investigating Bakumondo-to. Bakumondo-to has been used for the treatment of bronchitis and pharyngitis accompanying severe dry cough. We found that unlike codeine Bakumondo-to had a notable antitussive activity against the cough associated with bronchitis and the cough increased by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Recently, we have found that, in alveolar type II cells, Bakumondo-to attenuated phosphatidylcholine secretion increased by oxygen radicals from activated PMNLS. In addition, we found that Bakumondo-to itself stimulated phosphatidylcholine secretion and increased beta-adrenoceptor gene expression in rat alveolar type II cells. We studied the mechanism of action and clarified that Bakumondo-to increased glucocorticoid-sensitive promotor activity. The effect may contribute to its ubiquitous effectiveness in the treatment of airway diseases. Various parameters (chemical properties, physical properties, mucus production, surfactant phospholipid production, and mucociliary clearance) are considered to be important for the dynamics and mobilization of airway secretions. Pharmacologic investigation, with appropriate techniques, of the ability of an agent to modify these parameters can provide useful information about its mechanism of action. However, since these parameters are interconnected, it is very complicated to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of mucoactive drugs. This means that the goal of treatment cannot always be achieved by the modification of a single parameter, but should, more realistically, be aimed at a renormalization of several parameters. On the basis of this idea, glucocorticoids are ideal mucoactive drugs because they exert various pharmacologic effects in the lung
机译：由于粘液的大实体和改性其物理化学特征的扰动是由于其理化特征的紊乱是在气道疾病中的常见发现。影响了气道分泌的药物已经开发并用于清洁许多世纪和许多国家的呼吸道。在其行为的机制的基础上，粘液活性药物分为几个群体。一些粘液吸毒对气道分泌物的生产或组成有直接影响，导致粘液间隙的有效性增加。其他粘液药物对粘液没有特异性作用，但对气道结构和功能具有有益的影响，这导致纠正导致异常分泌物的病理物理学机制。然而，由于许多药物具有重叠的效果，因此难以根据其主要行动将这些药物分类为群体。与以前的粘液中的发现一起服用，似乎抗氧化效果是粘膜活性药物的常见性，并且这是对气道疾病产生影响的关键作用。鉴于这种想法，我们必须使用特定的实验模型来模拟气道炎症中的药理学事件。新技术的开发使得可以识别和测量粘液成分，更准确地测量流变参数，并在动物和人类中精确地评估粘液滤片清除。因此，随着方法的修饰，我们研究了从各种观点中调查了气道清洁药物，以反映炎症状态的行为超过二十年。在这里，我介绍了我们用于研究气道清除的许多参数的方法，包括咳嗽反射，并描述了我们最近研究过的一些粘液休息药。诊所和医院中传统中草药的使用情况越来越大，因为它们往往具有中度副作用，有时有时会显着。为了重整气道疾病的总体缺陷，中药可能是足够的，因为它们由各种草药组成，具有弱且无处不在的药理学活动。我们一直在调查Bakumondo-to。 Bakumondo-用于治疗严重干咳的支气管炎和咽炎。我们发现，与血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂不同，与抗支气管炎相关的咳嗽有一个值得注意的镇咳活动，并咳嗽增加。最近，我们发现，在肺泡II型细胞中，通过来自活化的PMNL的氧自由基增加Bakumondo-to减毒的磷脂酰胆碱分泌。此外，我们发现Bakumondo-to本身刺激了大鼠肺泡II型细胞中的磷脂酰胆碱分泌和增加的β-肾上腺素受体基因表达。我们研究了作用机制，并澄清了Bakumondo-up增加的糖皮质激素敏感性促进活性。效果可能有助于其在呼吸道疾病治疗中的普遍存在效果。认为各种参数（化学性质，物理性质，粘液生产，表面活性剂磷脂催化剂和粘蛋白清除）被认为对气道分泌物的动态和动员来说是重要的。用适当的技术进行药理学调查，代理改变这些参数的能力可以提供有关其作用机制的有用信息。然而，由于这些参数是互连的，因此阐明粘液活性药物的精确作用机制非常复杂。这意味着无法通过修改单个参数来实现治疗的目标，但应该更现实地实现若干参数的重整化。在这个思想的基础上，糖皮质激素是理想的粘膜粘膜药物，因为它们在肺部发挥了各种药物作用

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  • 来源
    《藥學雜誌》 |2003年第12期|共20页
  • 作者

    Miyata T;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University 5-1 Oehonmachi Kumamoto 862-0973 Japan. tmiyata@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 jpn
  • 中图分类 药学;
  • 关键词

    Coughing; pharmacological; Chinese People; Mucous body substance;

    机译：咳嗽;药理;中国人;粘液体;

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