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首页> 外文期刊>Current Anthropology: A World Journal of the Sciences of Man >The effects of mortality, subsistence, and ecology on human adult height and implications for Homo evolution
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The effects of mortality, subsistence, and ecology on human adult height and implications for Homo evolution

机译：死亡率，生存和生态对成年人身高的影响及其对人类进化的影响

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摘要

The increase in body size observed with the appearance and evolution of Homo is most often attributed to thermoregulatory and locomotor adaptations to environment; increased reliance on animal protein and fat; or increased behavioral flexibility, provisioning, and cooperation leading to decreased mortality rates and slow life histories. It is not easy to test these hypotheses in the fossil record. Therefore, understanding selective pressures shaping height variability in living humans might help to construct models for the interpretation of body size variation in the hominins. Among human populations, average male height varies extensively (145 cm-183 cm); a similar range of variation is found in Homo erectus (including African and Georgian samples). Previous research shows that height in human populations covaries with life history traits and variations in mortality rates and that different environments affect adult height through adaptations related to thermoregulation and nutrition. We investigate the interactions between life history traits, mortality rates, environmental setting, and subsistence for 89 small-scale societies. We show that mortality rates are the primary factor shaping adult height variation and that people in savanna are consistently taller than people in forests. We focus on relevant results for interpreting the evolution of Homo body size variability.
机译：随着人的出现和进化，观察到的体型增加主要归因于体温调节和运动适应环境。对动物蛋白和脂肪的依赖性增加;或行为灵活性，供应和合作增加，导致死亡率降低和生活史缓慢。在化石记录中检验这些假设并不容易。因此，了解影响现存人类身高变异性的选择性压力可能有助于构建用于解释人参中体型变异的模型。在人口中，男性平均身高差异很大（145厘米至183厘米）。在直立人（包括非洲人和格鲁吉亚人的样本）中发现了相似的变化范围。先前的研究表明，人类的身高与生活史特征和死亡率变化有关，并且不同的环境通过与体温调节和营养有关的适应影响成年人的身高。我们调查了89个小型社会的生活史特征，死亡率，环境设置和生存之间的相互作用。我们表明，死亡率是影响成年人身高变化的主要因素，并且稀树草原上的人始终比森林里的人高。我们专注于相关结果，以解释人体内大小变异性的演变。

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