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The integration of ventilation and locomotion in archosaurs

机译：通风和运动在恐龙中的整合

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Movements of the pelvis have recently been found to contribute to ventilation in both crocodilians and birds. Alligators have a kinetic pelvis in which the ischiopubic and ischiotruncus muscles rotate the pubic bones ventrally to increase abdominalvolume and thereby facilitate inspiration. In birds, the entire pelvis rocks on the axial skeleton to produce ventilation. Although the mechanisms of pelvic aspiration are very different in crocodilians and birds, it is unusual among vertebrates for thepelvic musculoskeletal system to play an active role in inspiration. This observation raises the possibility that the pelvic musculoskeletal system may have played an important role in the ventilation of basal archosaurs. Based on the mechanism of pelvicaspiration in crocodilians and the structure of gastralia in basal archosaurs, we suggest that an ischiotruncus muscle pulled the medial aspect of the gastralia caudally, and thereby helped to produce inspiration by increasing the volume of the cuirassal basket. The proposed mechanism of cuirassal breathing in non-avian theropods leads us to suggest that the phase relationship of the ventilatory and locomotor cycles in running theropods was the opposite of that observed in running birds. Furthermore, we suggest that the ventilatory cycle of flying pterosaurs was entrained to the locomotor cycle with a phase relationship that was the opposite of that observed during flight in modern birds.
机译：最近发现骨盆的运动有助于鳄鱼和鸟类的通气。短吻鳄具有运动性骨盆，其中耻骨耻骨和坐骨等神经通过腹侧旋转耻骨，以增加腹腔容积，从而促进吸气。在鸟类中，整个骨盆在轴向骨骼上晃动以产生通风。尽管在鳄鱼和鸟类中盆腔吸引的机制非常不同，但是在脊椎动物中，盆腔肌肉骨骼系统在吸气中起着积极作用并不常见。这一观察结果提出了骨盆肌肉骨骼系统可能在基底龙的通气中起重要作用的可能性。基于鳄鱼的盆腔吸引机制和基底弓龙的腹鳍结构，我们建议等臂龙尾肌向尾部牵拉腹腔的内侧，从而通过增加胸basket的体积来产生灵感。拟议中的非禽类兽脚类动物胸甲呼吸的机制使我们建议，在运行中的兽脚类动物中，呼吸循环和运动周期的相位关系与在鸟类中观察到的相反。此外，我们建议飞行翼龙的通风循环被带入运动周期，其相位关系与现代鸟类在飞行过程中观察到的相反。

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