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Explanatory history of the origin of feathers

机译：羽毛起源的解释性历史

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Historical-narrative evolutionary explanations for the origin and further evolution of avian feathers involve two steps. The first phase reconstructs a series of probable morphological changes from a reptilian scale to the primitive feather. The second deduces possible functions and biological roles of the features and feasible selective demands on these features at all stages in its evolution. The best explanation for the evolutionary origin of feathers would be one consistent with historical-narrative evolutionary explanations for the origin and further evolution of other features in the history of birds. Feathers of Recent birds have a number of functions and biological roles, and it is difficult to ascertain which of these functions and roles were involved in feather origin. Two major rival published theories are based on the roles of feathers in insulating the body against heat loss and in providing an aerodynamic surface for flight. However, because of the lack of knowledge about the roles and ecological relationships of protofeathers and of the most primitive feathers, it is not possible to test strongly either of these theories, or others as proposed in this symposium, against objective empirical observations to determine which is falsified or is the most probable. Finally it is argued that test of historical-narrative evolutionary explanations, including classifications and phylogenies, is generally difficult to impossible because of the lack of the necessary objective empirical observations.
机译：关于禽羽毛起源和进一步进化的历史叙事进化解释涉及两个步骤。第一阶段重建了从爬虫类到原始羽毛的一系列可能的形态变化。第二个推论了特征的可能功能和生物学作用，以及在其演化的所有阶段对这些特征的可行选择性需求。羽毛进化起源的最好解释是与鸟类叙事中其他特征的起源和进一步进化的历史叙事进化解释相一致。新近鸟类的羽毛具有多种功能和生物学作用，很难确定这些功能和作用中的哪些与羽毛起源有关。两种主要的相互竞争的理论是基于羽毛在使身体隔热以防止热量散失以及为飞行提供空气动力学表面方面的作用。但是，由于缺乏有关原生羽毛和最原始羽毛的作用和生态关系的知识，因此无法对这些理论或本次研讨会中提出的其他理论进行强有力的检验，从而无法确定客观的经验性观察。被伪造或最有可能。最后，有人认为，由于缺乏必要的客观经验观察，通常很难甚至不可能对历史叙事的进化解释进行检验，包括分类和系统发育。

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