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Introduction to the symposium: Antarctic marine biology

机译：研讨会介绍：南极海洋生物学

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"We have added a great deal of knowledge of life in the pack from observations of the whales, seals, penguins, birds and fishes as well as of the pelagic beasts which are caught in tow-nets. Life in one form or another is very plentiful in the pack, and the struggle for existence here as elsewhere is a fascinating subject of study."--Robert F. Scott, Scott's Last Expedition: The Journals of Captain R. F. Scott, 1913 The history of antarctic exploration, which now dates back over two full centuries, is rich with adventure, discovery and tragedy. In the early nineteenth century, the first documentations of the abundant marine life that characterized antarctic waters were revealed through the eyes of those hunting for seals including Nathaniel Palmer and James Weddell. Numerous expeditions followed these early sealers and contributed significant information on the diversity and distribution of antarctic marine life, perhaps most notably the Challenger expedition (1872-1876) led by Sir Charles Wyville Thomson. Arguably, it was the 1901-1904 British National expedition of Robert Scott that can be credited with the first true studies of antarctic marine biology. For here among Scott's men were intrepid naturalists such as Edward Wilson and Thomas Hodgson who braved the brutal elements to sample antarctic marine life year-round. These collections were integral in establishing the current taxonomy of the antarctic biota. The first marine biological studies to focus on both the pelagic and benthic biota of Antarctica took place during the British Discovery expeditions (1925-1939). Truly modern studies of antarctic marine biology were initiated during the International Geophysical Year (1959). Since this time, the scope and scale of marine biological studies has blossomed. Today, many developed countries enjoy well established marine biological programs in Antarctica.
机译：“我们通过观察鲸鱼，海豹，企鹅，鸟类和鱼类以及被拖网捕获的浮游生物增加了很多关于生命的知识。一种或另一种形式的生命非常重要丰富的研究成果以及在这里与其他地方的生存之争是一个令人着迷的研究主题。”-罗伯特·斯科特（Robert F. Scott），斯科特的《最后一次探险：RF史考特上尉的日记》，1913年两个多世纪以来，这里充满了冒险，发现和悲剧。在19世纪初，包括纳撒尼尔·帕尔默（Nathaniel Palmer）和詹姆士·韦德尔（James Weddell）在内的那些寻找海豹的人的目光揭示了以南极水为特征的丰富海洋生物的第一批文献。在这些早期的封印者之后，进行了许多探险，并为南极海洋生物的多样性和分布提供了重要的信息，也许最著名的是查尔斯·威维尔·汤姆森爵士率领的挑战者探险（1872-1876）。可以说，最早的对南极海洋生物学的真正研究可归功于1901-1904年英国国家探险队的罗伯特·斯科特（Robert Scott）。斯科特（Scott）的男人中有无畏的博物学家，例如爱德华·威尔逊（Edward Wilson）和托马斯·霍奇森（Thomas Hodgson），他们勇敢地利用残酷的元素来全年采样南极海洋生物。这些集合对于建立南极生物群的当前分类法是必不可少的。在英国发现探险队（1925-1939）期间，进行了第一批针对南极上层和底栖生物区系的海洋生物学研究。国际地球物理年（1959年）开始了对南极海洋生物学的真正现代研究。从那时起，海洋生物学研究的范围和规模蓬勃发展。今天，许多发达国家在南极享受完善的海洋生物计划。

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