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首页> 外文期刊>American Zoologist >Metamorphic competence, a major adaptive convergence in marine invertebrate larvae
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Metamorphic competence, a major adaptive convergence in marine invertebrate larvae

机译：变态能力，海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的主要适应性收敛

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SYNOPSIS. Larvae from diverse marine-invertebrate phyla are able to respond rapidly to environmental cues to settlement and to undergo very rapid metamorphic morphogenesis because they share the developmental trait of metamorphic competence. The competent state, characteristic of larvae as diverse as those of cnidarian planulae, molluscan veligers, and barnacle cyprids, is one in which nearly all requisite juvenile characters are present in the larva prior to settlement. Thus metamorphosis, in response to more or less specific environmental cues (inducers), is mainly restricted to loss of larva-specific structures and physiological processes. Competent larvae of two "model marine invertebrates" studied in the authors' laboratory, the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans and the nudibranch Phestilla sibogae, complete metamorphosis in about 12 and 20 hr, respectively. Furthermore, little or no de novo gene action appears to be required during the metamorphic induction process in these species. Contrasting greatly with the slow, hormonally regulated metamorphic transitions of vertebrates and insects, competence and consequent rapid metamorphosis in marine invertebrate larvae are conjectured to have arisen in diverse phylogenetic clades because they allow larvae to continue to Swim and feed in the planktonic realm while simultaneously permitting extremely fast morphological transition from larval locomotory and feeding modes to a different set of such modes that are adaptive to life on the sea bottom.
机译：概要。来自各种海洋-无脊椎动物门的幼虫能够快速响应环境信号，以解决定居问题，并经历非常快速的变质形态发生，因为它们具有变质能力的发育特征。幼虫的特征是其有能力的状态，如扁虫，软体动物和藤本植物的幼虫一样，几乎是所有必需的幼体都存在于定居前的状态。因此，响应于或多或少的特定环境提示（诱导物），变态主要限于幼虫特异性结构和生理过程的丧失。作者实验室中研究的两种“示范海洋无脊椎动物”的有能力的幼虫，即蛇麻草多毛线虫Hydroides elegans和裸udiPhestilla sibogae，分别在约12和20 hr内完成了变态。此外，在这些物种的变态诱导过程中，似乎很少或不需要从头进行基因作用。与脊椎动物和昆虫的缓慢，受激素调控的变态转变形成鲜明对比的是，推测海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的能力和随之而来的快速变态发生在各种系统进化进化枝中，因为它们允许幼虫继续游动并进食浮游生物，同时允许从幼虫的机体和进食模式到适应海底生物的不同模式集合的极快的形态学转变。

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