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首页> 外文期刊>American Zoologist >Using phylogenies to study convergence: The case of the ant-eating mammals
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Using phylogenies to study convergence: The case of the ant-eating mammals

机译：用系统发育研究收敛性：以蚂蚁为食的哺乳动物

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Identifying when homoplasy is due to convergence requires confidence in trees and precise analysis of potentially convergent characters. Some features of mammals that eat mostly ants and termites are used as examples of convergence; the most speciose assemblages of these mammals are in the orders Xenarthra and Pholidota. My studies on cranial muscles in xenarthrans and pholidotans aim to 1) precisely describe the anatomy in ant-eating and non-ant-eating lineages, 2) assess variation among ant-eating lineages, and 3) compare the most derived conditions (in xenarthran anteaters and pholidotan pangolins). These data clarify the nature of morphological adaptation in ant-eating mammals, and when combined with accumulating phylogenetic studies, allow us to distinguish features that have evolved convergently from those that are variable but not correlated with diet. Interpreting the extreme similarity in anteaters and pangolins remains problematic due to lingering disagreement among phylogenetic hypotheses. Prevailing opinion favors interpretation of these similarities as convergent.
机译：识别同质性是由于收敛引起的，需要对树木有信心并需要对可能收敛的字符进行精确分析。哺乳动物主要吃蚂蚁和白蚁的某些特征被用作收敛的例子。这些哺乳动物中最特殊的组合是Xenarthra和Pholidota。我对雪生炭疽和卵磷脂的颅肌的研究旨在：1）准确描述以蚂蚁为食和不以蚂蚁为食的世系的解剖结构; 2）评估以蚂蚁为食的世代之间的差异;以及3）比较大多数衍生条件（在赛能得兰中）食蚁兽和Pholidotan穿山甲）。这些数据阐明了以蚂蚁为食的哺乳动物中形态适应的本质，当与积累的系统发育研究相结合时，使我们能够将已经进化演变而成的特征与那些可变但与饮食无关的特征区分开来。由于种系发育假说之间存在分歧，因此解释食蚁兽和穿山甲的极端相似性仍然存在问题。普遍的意见赞成将这些相似性解释为趋同。

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