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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics >Evaluation of titanium brackets for orthodontic treatment: part I. The passive configuration.
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Evaluation of titanium brackets for orthodontic treatment: part I. The passive configuration.

机译：正畸治疗钛支架的评估：第一部分。被动结构。

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摘要

The static and kinetic frictional coefficients of commercially pure titanium brackets were evaluated in the passive configuration in the dry and wet states against stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium arch wires. For comparison, stainless steel brackets were evaluated under identical conditions. Titanium brackets were grayer in color and rougher in texture than the stainless steel brackets. Bracket slots were up to 0.002 inch greater than the nominally stated values. Remarkably, the static and kinetic frictional coefficients of the couples formed by titanium and stainless steel brackets were comparable. When evaluated against stainless steel and nickel-titanium arch wires in the dry state at 34 degrees C, the static coefficient averaged.12 and.20, respectively, independent of bracket alloy. When evaluated against stainless steel and nickel-titanium wires in the wet state at 34 degrees C using human saliva, the static coefficient averaged.15 and.20, respectively, independent of bracket alloy. Only the beta-titanium arch wires increased by about 15%, when tested in either the dry or the wet state against titanium versus stainless steel brackets. Noteworthy, too, was the decrease of both coefficients in the beta-titanium wire couples from their previously reported values. Analyses of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis spectra and depth profiles show that these new brackets are titanium only in the bulk. Indeed the immediate surfaces are composed of, at least, 80 atomic percent (at.%) carbon and oxygen; whereas, the titanium that is present (>11 at.%) is mostly in the form of titanium dioxide. The presence of this quite thin passivating layer, which resides on top of an oxygen-hardened titanium substrate, reduces the galling and fretting that would normally be expected in such materials. Pending the outcome of future angulation tests, these frictional measurements show that titanium brackets are not only comparable to stainless steel brackets but also are more biocompatible with nickel having been eliminated from their constitution.
机译：在被动配置下，在干燥和潮湿状态下，针对不锈钢，镍钛和β钛弓形钢丝，评估了商用纯钛托槽的静摩擦系数和动摩擦系数。为了进行比较，在相同条件下评估了不锈钢支架。钛制支架的颜色比不锈钢支架更灰，纹理更粗糙。支架插槽最多比标称值大0.002英寸。值得注意的是，钛和不锈钢支架形成的一对的静摩擦系数和动摩擦系数是可比的。当在干燥状态下于34摄氏度下对不锈钢和镍钛弓形钢丝进行评估时，静系数分别为12和20，与托槽合金无关。当在34摄氏度下使用人类唾液对不锈钢和镍钛丝在湿润状态下进行评估时，静态系数分别平均为15和20，与托槽合金无关。在钛或不锈钢支架上以干态或湿态测试时，仅β-钛弓形钢丝增加了约15％。同样值得注意的是，β-钛金属丝对的两个系数都比以前报告的值降低了。电子光谱学对化学分析光谱和深度分布的分析表明，这些新的支架仅在整体中为钛。实际上，直接表面至少由80原子％（原子％）的碳和氧组成;而存在的钛（> 11 at。％）主要为二氧化钛形式。这种相当薄的钝化层位于氧气硬化的钛基材的顶部，可以减少通常在此类材料中预期的磨损和微动。在未来的角度测试结果出炉之前，这些摩擦测量结果表明，钛制支架不仅可以与不锈钢支架媲美，而且与从其成分中去除的镍具有更高的生物相容性。

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