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Mechanism and treatment of motoneuron degeneration in ALS: What have SOD1 mutants told us?

机译:ALS运动神经元变性的机制和治疗:SOD1突变体告诉我们什么?

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摘要

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes motoneuron degeneration, skeletal muscle atrophy, paralysis and death. The identification of mutations in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) as a genetic cause of this disease has led to the creation of a number of in-vitro and in-vivo models. Experiments have been carried out in these model systems to address fundamental questions related to the disease: (1) what is the nature of toxicity of the mutated SOD1? (2) what are the cellular targets and pathways that lead to neuronal degeneration? (3) what makes motoneurons particularly vulnerable to the toxicity of the mutant enzyme? and (4) are there effective treatments for ALS based on current hypotheses regarding the disease mechanism? Current research on these questions is reviewed.
机译:肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)是致命的神经退行性疾病,可引起运动神经元变性,骨骼肌萎缩,瘫痪和死亡。铜,锌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1)突变是造成该病的遗传原因,这一发现导致了许多体外和体内模型的建立。已经在这些模型系统中进行了实验,以解决与疾病相关的基本问题:(1)突变的SOD1的毒性本质是什么? (2)导致神经元变性的细胞靶点和途径是什么? (3)是什么使运动神经元特别容易受到突变酶毒性的影响? (4)根据有关疾病机制的最新假设,是否有针对ALS的有效治疗方法?对这些问题的最新研究进行了综述。

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