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首页> 外文期刊>Current Biology: CB >Crozier’s Effect and the Acceptance of Intraspecific Brood Parasites
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Crozier’s Effect and the Acceptance of Intraspecific Brood Parasites

机译：Crozier的疗效和侵入性育雏寄生虫的影响

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Organisms can often benefit by distinguishing between different classes of individuals. An example is kin recognition, whereby individuals preferentially associate with or aid genetic relatives that bear matching recognition cues but reject others. Despite its potential benefits, however, kin recognition using genetically based cues is often weak or absent []. A general explanation, termed “Crozier’s effect,” is that when individuals interact randomly, rarer cue alleles less often match cues of other individuals, and so are involved predominantly in “reject”-type interactions. If such interactions are more costly, positive frequency-dependent selection will erode the cue diversity upon which discrimination depends []. Although widely cited [], this idea lacks rigorous testing in the field. Here, we show how Crozier’s effect applies to interactions between hosts and conspecific parasites, and measure it using field data. In the wasp we studied, conspecific parasitism fits a key assumption of Crozier’s model: the same females act as both hosts and parasites. By exchanging offspring between nests experimentally, we find no evidence that females respond to genetically based cues associated with foreign offspring. Through measuring costs and benefits, however, we demonstrate a strong Crozier effect: because more parental investment is wasted when foreign offspring are rejected, interactions involving rejection have substantially lower payoffs than interactions involving acceptance. Costly rejection can thus eliminate cue diversity by causing selection against rare cue alleles, consistent with the absence of genetically based recognition that we observe. Females instead appear to rely on non-genetic cues that enable them to detect less than half of parasitic offspring.
机译：有机体通常可以通过区分不同类别的人来受益。一个例子是kin识别，其中个体优先与匹配识别提示赋予匹配识别提示但拒绝其他人的遗传亲属。然而，尽管有潜在的利益，但是使用基于基于遗传基因的线索的亲属识别往往是薄弱或缺席的[]。一般解释，被称为“克罗泽尔的效果”，就是当个人随机交互时，Rarer提示等位基因往往匹配其他人的提示，因此主要涉及“拒绝”型相互作用。如果这种相互作用更昂贵，则正频依赖的选择将侵蚀歧视取决于[]的提示分集。虽然被广泛引用[]，但这种想法在该领域缺乏严格的测试。在这里，我们展示了Crozier的效果如何在主机和Conspecific Parasites之间的交互中，并使用现场数据来测量它。在WASP我们研究中，Cand特异性寄生寄养符合Crozier模型的关键假设：同一女性充当宿主和寄生虫。通过实验地在巢之间交换后代，我们发现没有证据表明女性对与外国后代相关的基于基础的线索响应。然而，通过衡量成本和益处，我们展示了强大的崩溃效果：因为当外国后代被拒绝时浪费了更多的父母投资，涉及拒绝的相互作用比涉及涉及接受的相互作用将基本上较低。因此，昂贵的拒绝可以通过导致稀有线材等位基因的选择来消除提示多样性，这与我们观察到的基于遗传识别的缺乏。女性似乎依赖于非遗传提示，使它们能够检测到寄生虫后代的一半。

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