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首页> 外文期刊>Current Biology: CB >Electrophysiological Correlates of Semantic Dissimilarity Reflect the Comprehension of Natural, Narrative Speech
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Electrophysiological Correlates of Semantic Dissimilarity Reflect the Comprehension of Natural, Narrative Speech

机译：语义异化的电生理相关反映了对自然，叙事言论的理解

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People routinely hear and understand speech at rates of 120-200 words per minute [1, 2]. Thus, speech comprehension must involve rapid, online neural mechanisms that process words' meanings in an approximately time-locked fashion. However, electrophysiological evidence for such time-locked processing has been lacking for continuous speech. Although valuable insights into semantic processing have been provided by the "N400 component'' of the event-related potential [3-6], this literature has been dominated by paradigms using incongruous words within specially constructed sentences, with less emphasis on natural, narrative speech comprehension. Building on the discovery that cortical activity "tracks'' the dynamics of running speech [7-9] and psycholinguistic work demonstrating [10-12] and modeling [13-15] how context impacts on word processing, we describe a new approach for deriving an electrophysiological correlate of natural speech comprehension. We used a computational model [16] to quantify the meaning carried by words based on how semantically dissimilar they were to their preceding context and then regressed this measure against electroencephalographic (EEG) data recorded from subjects as they listened to narrative speech. This produced a prominent negativity at a time lag of 200-600 ms on centro-parietal EEG channels, characteristics common to the N400. Applying this approach to EEG datasets involving time-reversed speech, cocktail party attention, and audiovisual speech-in-noise demonstrated that this response was very sensitive to whether or not subjects understood the speech they heard. These findings demonstrate that, when successfully comprehending natural speech, the human brain responds to the contextual semantic content of each word in a relatively time-locked fashion.
机译：人们经常听到并理解每分钟120-200字的速度[1,2]。因此，语音理解必须涉及快速，在线神经机制，以大致锁定的方式处理单词“含义”。然而，用于这种锁定处理的电生理证据缺乏连续演讲。虽然事件相关潜力的“N400组件”已经提供了对语义处理的有价值的见解[3-6]，但这种文献已经由特殊构造的句子中使用不协调的词的范式主导地位，不太强调自然，叙述语音理解。建立皮质活动“追踪”运行语音的动态[7-9]和展示[10-12]和建模的心理语言工作[13-15]对词语处理的影响，我们描述了衍生自然语音理解电生理相关性的新方法。我们使用计算模型[16]来量化基于语义上的语义上的语义上的单词携带的含义，然后在他们听叙事语音时将这种措施与从受试者记录的脑电图（EEG）数据回归。这在封面上的时间滞后产生了突出的消极性，在entro-paretal eeg渠道上，N400共用的特征。将这种方法应用于涉及时间逆转言论，鸡尾酒会关注的EEG数据集，以及视听语音噪音的表明，对象是否理解他们听到的演讲非常敏感。这些发现表明，当成功理解自然语音时，人类大脑以相对较倍的方式响应每个单词的上下文语义含量。

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