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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Onset of flowering in olive cultivars in relation to temperature
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Onset of flowering in olive cultivars in relation to temperature

机译：在橄榄品种与温度相关的开花的发作

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The flowering process is adjusted to seasons through environmental signals, particularly photoperiod and temperature. Breaking dormancy, in trees, requires the completion of a period of chilling, which can be measured in hours below a certain temperature threshold. Budburst occurs once a heat requirement of accumulated degree days has been met. The studies of interactions between olive phenology and weather variables in a particular region can help us to predict the onset and length of flowering. Theimpact of air temperature on flowering phenology in five olive cultivars ('Lastovka', 'Leccino', 'Levantinka', 'Oblica' and 'Pendolino') was examined over a 5-year period (2005-2010) in an experimental orchard near Split (Croatia; central part of the Adriatic coast). The flowering periods were assessed by visual examination of trees. The flowering date (FD) was calculated as the number of days from January 1 until the start of the flowering period. The method proposed by Aron and Gat (1991) was used toestimate the number of chilling units (CU) using the daily maximal and minimal air temperatures. Number of CUs ranged from 282 to 1441. The heat accumulation dates started in the first days after the calculation of hours of chilling had been finished and continued until the start of flowering season. Heat units were expressed in growing degree days (GDD), and one GDD unit denoted 1°C above base temperature in 24 h. Three base temperatures were considered (9, 11, and 12.5°C). The flowering periods ofmost of the studied cultivars overlapped to some degree in each experimental year. The earliest start of flowering was recorded in 2007, while the latest start date was delayed for nine days in 2005. Duration of flowering period differed between cultivars and ranged from six to nine days. The temperatures during the months prior to anthesis influenced the onset of the flowering. A positive correlation was found between FD, CU and GDD, respectively. The highest correlation (R2=0.655) between FD and GDD was found when the threshold temperature was set to 9°C.
机译：开花过程通过环境信号，特别是光周期和温度调节到季节。在树上破坏休眠，需要完成一段时间的冷却，这可以在低于一定的温度阈值的时间内测量。一旦满足累积度天的热量要求，就会发生布伯。特定区域中橄榄色候选和天气变量之间的相互作用的研究可以帮助我们预测开花的开始和长度。在五年（2005-2010）附近的一个5年期间分裂（克罗地亚;亚得里亚海岸的中央部分）。通过对树木的视觉检查来评估开花时期。开花日期（FD）计算为从1月1日起的天数直到开花时期开始。使用每日最大和最小空气温度来使用Aron和Gat（1991）提出的方法，从而使用每日最大和最小的空气温度。 CU的数量从282到1441。热量积累日期开始在寒冷的小时数完成并继续到开花季节开始之前。热量单位在生长期（GDD）中表示，一个GDD单元在24小时内表示1℃以上的基础温度。考虑三个基质温度（​​9,11和12.5°C）。学习的品种最多的开花时期重叠在每个实验年份的某种程度上。早期开花的最早开始于2007年记录，而最新的开始日期在2005年延迟九天。开花期的持续时间不同，品种与六到九天的范围不同。在发生开花前的月份的温度影响了开花的发作。 FD，Cu和GDD之间发现了阳性相关性。当阈值温度设定为9℃时，发现FD和GDD之间的最高相关性（R2 = 0.655）。

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