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A water harvesting model for optimizing rainwater harvesting in the wadi Oum Zessar watershed, Tunisia

机译：突尼斯的瓦迪乌姆·泽萨尔流域的雨水收集优化用水模型

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摘要

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques have been adapted in arid and semi-arid regions to minimise the risk from droughts. The demand for water has increased but water resources have become scarcer, so the assessment and modelling of surface water related to RWH in catchments has become a necessity. An understanding of the hydrological processes at the sub-catchment level is generally lacking, and little attention has been given to the assessment of RWH after implementation. The objective of this study was to develop a simple but generally applicable water-harvesting model and test it at sub-catchment level to evaluate and optimize the performance of RWH under different design and management scenarios. The model was applied to rainfall data for 1980-2004 in 25 sub-catchments of the watershed of Wadi Oum Zessar (south-eastern Tunisia). The performance and analysis of RWH in three types of years (dry, normal, and wet) are presented and discussed. This study emphasises the advantages of simulating long-term water balances at the sub-catchment level for improving our understanding of hydrological processes in the RWH system and provides several solutions for optimizing RWH performance in various scenarios. Changing the spillway heights together with the flow directions had a significant impact on the performance of RWH by making 92% of all sub-catchments supply sufficient water for crop requirements, compared to 44% of the sub-catchments in case of no changes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：雨水收集（RWH）技术已在干旱和半干旱地区进行了调整，以最大程度地减少干旱带来的风险。对水的需求增加了，但是水资源却变得稀缺，因此与流域内RWH有关的地表水的评估和建模成为必要。通常缺乏对次流域水平上水文过程的了解，在实施之后对RWH的评估很少关注。这项研究的目的是开发一个简单但普遍适用的集水模型，并在子集水区进行测试，以评估和优化RWH在不同设计和管理方案下的性能。该模型已应用于Wadi Oum Zessar（突尼斯东南部）的25个小流域的1980-2004年降雨数据。介绍并讨论了RWH在三种类型的年份（干，正常和湿）中的性能和分析。这项研究强调了在子汇水区水平模拟长期水量平衡的优势，以增进我们对RWH系统中水文过程的理解，并提供了几种在各种情况下优化RWH性能的解决方案。改变溢洪道高度和流向对RWH的性能产生重大影响，使所有子集水区的92％提供足够的水以满足作物的需求，而在没有变化的情况下，则为44％。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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