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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Water Management >Water use efficiency and crop coefficients of dry season oilseed crops
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Water use efficiency and crop coefficients of dry season oilseed crops

机译：旱季油料作物的水分利用效率和作物系数

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摘要

Eastern India receives higher average annual rainfall (1000-2000mm) but 80% of it occurs within the June-September (rainy season), whereas the winter season (November-March) is dry. Due to a shortage of soil moisture, most rainfed areas of the region remain fallow during the winter season and cultivation (mainly rice) is confined to the rainy season only (June-September). To explore the possibility of double cropping in the rainfed rice areas, three oilseed crops, viz., linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), safflower (Carthamous tinctorious L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), were grown in a representative rainfed area of eastern India, i.e. Dhenkanal, Orissa, during the dry/winter season by applying irrigation water at phonological stages. Study revealed that with three supplemental irrigations, the highest WUE was achieved by safflower followed by linseed with the mean values being 3.04 and 2.59kgha super(-) super(1)mm super(-) super(1), respectively. Whereas, with one irrigation, the highest water use efficiency (WUE) was achieved for safflower (1.23kgha super(-) super(1)mm super(-) super(1)) followed by linseed (0.93kgha super(-) super(1)mm super(-) super(1)). Of the three crops studied, safflower withdrew maximum water followed by mustard and crops were shown to use 90-105mm more water than linseed. With three irrigations, average maximum rooting depths were 1.66, 1.17 and 0.67m for safflower, mustard and linseed, respectively, which were 13.5, 10.6 and 11.4% higher than for single irrigated crops because of more wet sub soils and decrease of soil strength. The crop growth parameters like leaf area, dry biomass were also recorded with different levels of irrigation. The research work amply revealed the potential of growing these low water requiring oilseed crops in rice fallow during dry/winter season utilizing limited irrigation from harvested rainwater of rainy season. Crop coefficients (K sub(c)) of three winter season oilseed crops were derived using field water balance approach. Study showed that LAI was significantly correlated with K sub(c) values with the R super(2) values of 0.91, 0.89 and 0.94 in linseed, safflower and mustard, respectively. When LAI exceeded 3.0, the K sub(c) value was 1 in safflower and mustard whereas in linseed corresponding LAI was 2.5. Study revealed that the K sub(c) values for the development and mid season stage were slightly higher to that obtained by the procedure proposed by FAO, which might be due to local advection.
机译：印度东部的年平均降雨量较高（1000-2000mm），但其中80％发生在6月至9月（雨季）内，而冬季（11月至3月）则是干旱的。由于土壤水分不足，该地区大多数雨养地区在冬季仍处于休耕状态，耕作（主要是稻米）仅限于雨季（6月至9月）。为了探讨在雨养水稻地区进行双季种植的可能性，在代表性的雨养中种植了三种油料作物，即亚麻子（Linum usitatissimum L.），红花（Carthamous tinctorious L.），芥菜（Brassica juncea L.）。在干旱/冬季，通过在语音阶段使用灌溉水，将印度东部的一个地区（即，奥里萨邦Dhenkanal）。研究表明，在三个补充灌溉条件下，红花和亚麻子分别获得最高的WUE，平均值分别为3.04和2.59kgha super（-）super（1）mm super（-）super（1）。而一次灌溉后，红花（1.23kgha super（-）super（1）mm super（-）super（1））紧随其后的是亚麻籽（0.93kgha super（-）super （1）毫米超级（-）超级（1））。在所研究的三种农作物中，红花提取的水分最多，其次是芥末，并且农作物的用水量比亚麻籽多90-105mm。在三个灌溉条件下，红花，芥末和亚麻籽的平均最大生根深度分别为1.66、1.17和0.67m，比单灌溉作物高出13.5％，10.6和11.4％，这是因为湿润的地下土壤和土壤强度降低。还记录了不同灌溉水平下的作物生长参数，如叶面积，干生物量。研究工作充分揭示了利用干旱季节收获的雨水进行有限灌溉的方法，可以在旱冬期间在水稻休耕地上种植这些需水少的油料作物的潜力。使用田间水分平衡法得出了三种冬季油料作物的作物系数（K sub（c））。研究表明，亚麻籽，红花和芥末的LAI与K sub（c）值显着相关，R super（2）的值分别为0.91、0.89和0.94。当LAI超过3.0时，红花和芥末的K sub（c）值为1，而亚麻子中的LAI为2.5。研究表明，发育和中期中期的K sub（c）值略高于粮农组织建议的程序获得的K sub（c）值，这可能是由于当地平流造成的。

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