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首页> 外文期刊>ACS applied materials & interfaces >2D-3D Mixed Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Layers for Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability Induced by n-Propylammonium Iodide Additives
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2D-3D Mixed Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Layers for Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability Induced by n-Propylammonium Iodide Additives

机译：2D-3D混合有机 - 无机钙钛矿层，用于太阳能电池的效率增强，N-丙基碘化物添加剂诱导的效率和稳定性

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Device instability has become an obstacle for the industrial application of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells that has already demonstrated over 23% laboratory power conversion efficiency (PCE). It has been discovered that the sliding of A-site cations in the perovskite compound through and out of the three-dimensional [PbI6](4-)crystal frame is one of the main reasons that are responsible for decomposition of the perovskite compound. Herein, we report an effective method to enhance the stability of the FA(0.29)MA(0.16)Cs(0.03)Pb(12.5)Br(0.5) perovskite film through the incorporation of n-propylammonium iodide (PM). Both density functional theory calculation and the X-ray diffraction patterns have confirmed the formation of two-dimensional (PA)(2)PbI4 with the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite as a result of the reaction between PM and PbI2 in the perovskite film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals less-COOH (carboxyl) groups on the surface of the perovskite film containing (PA)(2)PbI4, which indicates the suppressed penetration of oxygen and moisture into the perovskite material. This is further confirmed by the surface water wettability test of the (PA)(2)PbI4 film that exhibits excellent hydrophobic property with over 110 degrees contact angle. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates the introduction of PM additives that resulted in the upshift of the conduction band minimum of the perovskite by 160 meV, leading to a more favorable energy alignment with an adjacent electron transporting material. As a consequence, enhanced 17.23% PCE with suppressed hysteresis was obtained with the 5% PM additive (molar ratio) in perovskite solar cells that retained nearly 50% of the initial efficiency after 2000 h in air without encapsulation under 45% average relative humidity.
机译：设备不稳定已成为有机无机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的工业应用的障碍，这些太阳能电池已经超过23％的实验室电力转换效率（PCE）。已经发现，通过三维[PBI6]（4-）晶框的钙钛矿化合物中的A现场阳离子的滑动是负责分解钙钛矿化合物的主要原因之一。在此，我们通过掺入N-丙基碘化物（PM）来报告一种有效的方法以增强FA（0.29）mA（0.29）mA（0.03）（0.03）Cs（0.03）Pb（0.03）Br（0.5）钙钛矿膜的稳定性。密度函数理论计算和X射线衍射图已经证实了在钙钛矿膜中PM和PBI2之间的反应的结果形成二维（PA）（2）PBI4。 X射线光电子能谱显示含有（PA）（2）PBI4的钙钛矿膜的表面上的少量COOH（羧基）基团，这表明氧气和水分抑制到钙钛矿材料中的渗透渗透。通过（PA）（2）PBI4薄膜的表面水润湿性试验进一步证实了，其具有优异的疏水性能，具有超过110度的接触角。紫外线光电子能谱证明了PM添加剂的引入，其导致导致钙钛矿的导通带的升档由160meV引起，导致与相邻的电子传输材料更有利的能量对准。因此，利用钙钛矿太阳能电池中的5％PM添加剂（摩尔比）获得了增强的17.23％，获得了抑制滞后的PCE，其在2000小时内在空气中保留了近50％的初始效率，而不会封装在45％相对湿度下。

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