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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Water Management >Evaluation of water and nitrogen use efficiencies in a double cropping system under different integrated management practices based on a model approach
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Evaluation of water and nitrogen use efficiencies in a double cropping system under different integrated management practices based on a model approach

机译：基于模型方法的不同综合管理措施下双季种植系统中水和氮的利用效率评估

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Irrigation, fertilization, and cultivation managements play important roles in crop production in the North China Plain (NCP). This study aims to compare crop yields, and water and N use efficiencies (WOE and NUE) in a wheat-maize cropping system under different integrated management practices and recommend the best management practices (BMPs). A two-year experiment involving four integrated management practices was conducted in Tai'an City, Shandong Province in the NCP. These management practices were designed as follows: (1) traditional farming practice (FP); (2) optimized combination of cropping and fertilization (OPT-1); (3) practice for high yield (HY), which does not consider the cost of resource inputs to maximize grain yield; and (4) further optimized combination of cropping and fertilization (OPT-2), which is based on the HY practice. Soil water movement, nitrate transport, and crop growth were all simulated using the soil water, heat, carbon, and N simulation (WHCNS) model. Results indicated that simulated soil water content and nitrate concentration at different depths in soil profiles, leaf area index, dry matter weight, and grain yield were all in good agreement with the field-measured data. Simulation results indicated that the amounts and dates of irrigation and fertilization, planting method, planting density, and sowing date had obvious effects on grain yield, water drainage, total N loss, WUE, and NUE. The annual average total N loss under the OPT-I practice decreased by about 28.6% compared with the FP practice, whereas the annual average grain yield and NUE increased by 27.7% and 25.7%, respectively. The largest annual average grain yield and total N loss occurred in the HY practice (23,590 kg ha(-1) and 240.6 kg N ha(-1), respectively). Although the annual average grain yield of the OPT-2 practice was 15.4% lower than that of HY practice, the NUE was 19.2% higher in OPT-2 than in HY. The annual average nitrate leaching under the OPT-2 practice was the lowest and reached 25.5%-60.0% compared with those under other practices. Among the four practices, the OPT-2 practice achieved the most preferable results; the lowest N loss and the highest NUE were obtained at the expense of a slight decrease in grain yield. Therefore, the OPT-2 practice was the BMPs among the four practices and should be recommended to maximize the economic and environmental benefits in the study region. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：灌溉，施肥和耕作管理在华北平原的农作物生产中起着重要作用。本研究旨在比较采用不同综合管理措施的小麦-玉米种植系统中的作物产量以及水和氮的利用效率（WOE和NUE），并推荐最佳管理方法（BMP）。在NCP的山东省泰安市进行了为期两年的试验，涉及四种综合管理实践。这些管理实践的设计如下：（1）传统农业实践（FP）; （2）优化的施肥组合（OPT-1）; （3）高产（HY）的实践，它没有考虑使谷物产量最大化的资源投入成本; （4）根据HY做法，进一步优化种植与施肥的组合（OPT-2）。使用土壤水，热量，碳和氮模拟（WHCNS）模型来模拟土壤水分运动，硝酸盐迁移和作物生长。结果表明，不同剖面模拟土壤水分含量和硝酸盐浓度，叶面积指数，干物质重量和籽粒产量均与实测数据吻合良好。模拟结果表明，灌溉施肥的数量和日期，种植方式，种植密度和播种日期对谷物产量，排水，总氮损失，WUE和NUE有明显影响。与FP方式相比，OPT-I方式的年平均总氮损失减少了约28.6％，而年均谷物产量和NUE分别增加了27.7％和25.7％。在高产实践中，最大的年平均谷物产量和总氮损失发生率分别为23,590 kg ha（-1）和240.6 kg N ha（-1）。尽管OPT-2作业的年平均谷物产量比HY作业的低15.4％，但OPT-2的NUE比HY作业的高19.2％。与其他措施相比，OPT-2措施下的年平均硝酸盐浸出率最低，达到25.5％-60.0％。在这四种做法中，OPT-2做法取得了最可取的结果。最低的氮素损失和最高的氮素利用率是以降低谷物产量为代价的。因此，OPT-2做法是这四种做法中的BMP，应被推荐以最大程度地提高研究区域的经济和环境效益。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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