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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Highs and lows of hyperoxia: physiological, performance, and clinical aspects
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Highs and lows of hyperoxia: physiological, performance, and clinical aspects

机译：高氧的高和低氧：生理，性能和临床方面

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Molecular oxygen (O2) is a vital element in human survival and plays a major role in a diverse range of biological and physiological processes. Although normobaric hyperoxia can increase arterial oxygen content (CaO2), it also causes vasoconstriction and hence reduces O2 delivery in various vascular beds, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Thus, a seemingly paradoxical situation exists in which the administration of oxygen may place tissues at increased risk of hypoxic stress. Nevertheless, with various degrees of effectiveness, and not without consequences, supplemental oxygen is used clinically in an attempt to correct tissue hypoxia (e.g., brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.) and chronic hypoxemia (e.g., severe COPD, etc.) and to help with wound healing, necrosis, or reperfusion injuries (e.g., compromised grafts). Hyperoxia has also been used liberally by athletes in a belief that it offers performance-enhancing benefits; such benefits also extend to hypoxemic patients both at rest and during rehabilitation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of hyperoxia in humans from the “bench to bedside.” The first section will focus on the basic physiological principles of partial pressure of arterial O2, CaO2, and barometric pressure and how these changes lead to variation in regional O2 delivery. This review provides an overview of the evidence for and against the use of hyperoxia as an aid to enhance physical performance. The final section addresses pathophysiological concepts, clinical studies, and implications for therapy. The potential of O2 toxicity and future research directions are also considered.
机译：分子氧（O2）是人类存活中的重要因素，在各种生物和生理过程中发挥着重要作用。虽然正常性高氧可能增加动脉氧含量（CaO2），但它也会导致血管收缩，因此减少各种血管床中的O 2递送，包括心脏，骨骼肌和大脑。因此，存在看似矛盾的情况，其中氧气施用可以在缺氧应激的风险增加下占组织。然而，具有各种效果，而不是没有后果，临床上使用补充氧气来纠正组织缺氧（例如脑缺血，创伤性脑损伤，一氧化碳中毒等）和慢性低氧血症（例如，严重的COPD等）并帮助伤口愈合，坏死或再灌注损伤（例如，受损移植物）。超氧也被运动员自由地使用了，以便它提供绩效增强的福利;这种益处还延伸到休息和康复期间的缺氧患者。该审查旨在全面概述高氧对人类的影响从“替补成床位”。第一部分将专注于动脉O2，CaO2和气压的分压和气压的基本生理原理以及这些变化如何导致区域O2递送的变化。本综述概述了使用高氧的证据，以提高身体表现的援助。最后一节涉及对治疗的病理生理概念，临床研究和影响。还考虑了O2毒性和未来研究方向的潜力。

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