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Bt cotton and sustainability of pesticide reductions in India.

机译：Bt棉花与印度农药减少的可持续性。

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Studies from different countries show that transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops can reduce chemical pesticide use with positive economic, environmental, and health effects. However, most of these studies build on cross-section survey data, so that longer term effects have not been analyzed. Bt resistance and secondary pest outbreaks may potentially reduce or eliminate the benefits over time, especially in developing countries where refuge strategies are often not implemented. Here, we use data from a unique panel survey of cotton farmers conducted in India between 2002 and 2008. Accounting for possible selection bias, we show that the Bt pesticide reducing effect has been sustainable. In spite of an increase in pesticide sprays against secondary pests, total pesticide use has decreased significantly over time. Bt has also reduced pesticide applications by non-Bt farmers. These results mitigate the concern that Bt technology would soon become obsolete in small farmer environments. The survey data on actual pesticide use in farmers' fields complement previous entomological research.
机译：来自不同国家的研究表明，转基因苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）可以减少化学农药的使用，对经济，环境和健康产生积极影响。但是，这些研究大多数都基于横截面调查数据，因此尚未分析长期影响。随着时间的推移，抗药性和继发性虫害的爆发可能会减少或消除其惠益，特别是在通常未实施避难战略的发展中国家。在这里，我们使用的数据来自2002年至2008年在印度进行的棉农独特面板调查。考虑到可能的选择偏差，我们表明Bt农药的减少效果是可持续的。尽管针对次生害虫的杀虫剂喷洒量有所增加，但随着时间的推移，杀虫剂的总使用量已大大减少。 Bt还减少了非Bt农民的农药施用量。这些结果减轻了人们对小型农业环境中Bt技术很快将过时的担忧。有关农民田间实际农药使用的调查数据补充了以前的昆虫学研究。

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